{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:03:12Z","timestamp":1790816592085,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Foundation Ireland","award":["SFI 17\/RI\/5353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI 17\/RI\/5353"]}]},{"name":"Gottfried &amp; Julia Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation, Switzerland","award":["SFI 17\/RI\/5353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI 17\/RI\/5353"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Ischaemic heart disease is one of the major drivers of cardiovascular death in Europe. Since the first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 1977, developments and innovations in cardiology have made PCI the treatment of choice for stenotic coronary artery disease. To address the occupational hazards related to chronic exposure to radiation and wear and tear from heavy lead-based radioprotective aprons, the concept of robotically assisted PCI (R-PCI) was introduced in 2005. Aim: To explore the features and limitations of R-PCI, we first discuss the concept and evolution of R-PCI platforms and then systematically review the available clinical data. Methods: A systematic review has been performed across the Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases in order to assess the efficacy and safety of R-PCI. Secondary endpoints, such as operator and patient exposure to radiation, contrast volume used and procedural time, were assessed when available. Results: In selected patients, R-PCI provides high technical and clinical success rates, ranging from 81 to 98.8% and from 93.3 to 100%, respectively. In-hospital and 1-year MACE rates ranged from 0 to 10.4% and 4.8 to 10.5%, respectively. R-PCI is able to significantly reduce the operator\u2019s exposure to radiation. Further research analysing the patient\u2019s and cath lab staff\u2019s exposure to radiation is needed. Therapy escalation with R-PCI seems to be limited to complex lesions. R-PCI procedures add approximately 10 min to the procedural time. Conclusions: The efficacy and safety of R-PCI have been proven, and R-PCI is able to significantly reduce occupational hazards for the first operator. The lack of adoption in the community of interventional cardiologists may be explained by the fact that current generations of R-PCI platforms are limited by their incompatibility with advanced interventional devices and techniques needed for escalation in complex interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T03:34:20Z","timestamp":1726716860000},"page":"5537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Features and Limitations of Robotically Assisted Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (R-PCI): A Systematic Review of R-PCI"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7970-8989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Wagener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Newcastle Road, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Onuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"CORRIB Research Centre for Advanced Imaging and Core laboratory, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Coen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Wijns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0086-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Newcastle Road, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00607-3","article-title":"Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in Europe","volume":"19","author":"Townsend","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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