{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:26:27Z","timestamp":1760145987181,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We investigated the expression of inflammation, placental development, and function markers, including cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), osteopontin (OPN), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), to shed light on the controversy regarding the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: We immunohistochemically analyzed placental tissue from 170 patients (65 COVID-positive and unvaccinated women; 35 Pfeizer-vaccinated and COVID-negative women; and 70 COVID-negative and unvaccinated women, without any other associated pathology) for particularities in the expression of these three molecules. Results: CD44 expression was highest in COVID-negative and unvaccinated women, moderate in COVID-positive cases, and lowest in vaccinated and COVID-negative women. OPN expression was highest in COVID-negative and Pfeizer-vaccinated cases, moderate in COVID-negative and unvaccinated cases, and lowest in COVID-positive cases. COX-2 expression was increased in COVID-negative and unvaccinated women, modestly elevated in COVID-positive and unvaccinated cases, and lowest in vaccinated cases. Conclusions: These findings reflected an alteration in the placental structure and consequent function due to altered expression of the three studied molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T04:59:54Z","timestamp":1726721994000},"page":"5546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Shedding Light on the COVID-19 Pandemic: Placental Expression of Cell Biomarkers in Negative, Vaccinated, and Positive Pregnant Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Constantin","family":"Condac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cCuza Vod\u0103\u201d Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3994-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmila","family":"Lozneanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I\u2014Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2862-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Roxana","family":"Matasariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCuza Vod\u0103\u201d Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8207-7655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ursache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iuliana Elena","family":"Bujor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Ni\u021b\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCuza Vod\u0103\u201d Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-6189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasile Lucian","family":"Boiculese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7391-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"B\u00eerlu\u021biu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa089","article-title":"Placental Pathology in COVID-19","volume":"154","author":"Shanes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz, D.A., Bugatti, M., Santoro, A., and Facchetti, F. (2021). 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