{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:35:21Z","timestamp":1775147721039,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This meta-analysis aims to quantitatively summarize current data on various potential risk factors of velamentous cord insertion (VCI). A better understanding of these risk factors could enhance prenatal identification both in settings with routine screening and in those where universal screening for cord insertion anomalies is not yet recommended. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from their inception until 7 February 2024. Eligible studies included observational studies of singleton pregnancies with VCI, identified either prenatally or postnatally, compared with pregnancies with central or eccentric cord insertion. Analyses were performed using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models, with outcomes reported as risk ratios (RR) or mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: In total, 14 cohort and 4 case-control studies were included, reporting on 952,163 singleton pregnancies. Based on the cohort studies, the overall prevalence of VCI among singleton pregnancies was calculated to be 1.54%. The risk of VCI was significantly higher among pregnancies conceived using assisted reproductive technology (RR, 2.32; 95% CI: 1.77\u20133.05), nulliparous women (RR, 1.21; 95% CI: 1.15\u20131.28), women who smoked (RR, 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08\u20131.19), and pregnancies diagnosed with placenta previa (RR, 3.60; 95% CI: 3.04\u20134.28). Conclusions: This meta-analysis identified assisted reproductive technology, nulliparity, smoking, and placenta previa as significant risk factors of VCI among singleton pregnancies. These findings could inform screening policies in settings where universal screening for cord insertion is not routinely performed, suggesting a targeted approach for women with these specific risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T11:51:46Z","timestamp":1726746706000},"page":"5551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk Factors of Velamentous Cord Insertion in Singleton Pregnancies\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3066-9963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Siargkas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agiou Dimitriou, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4337-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Tsakiridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agiou Dimitriou, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1007-210X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Gatsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agiou Dimitriou, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"De Paco Matallana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-5249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Mar","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, 28850 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ultrasound and Fetal Medicine Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8041-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petya","family":"Chaveeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit, Dr. Shterev Hospital, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2863-5839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Themistoklis","family":"Dagklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agiou Dimitriou, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2024.04.044","article-title":"European association of perinatal medicine (EAPM) position statement: Screening, diagnosis and management of congenital anomalies of the umbilical cord","volume":"298","author":"Jauniaux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. 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