{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T21:21:57Z","timestamp":1762809717519,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Bacterial infections (BI) are a major cause of mortality in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH); however, only a few studies have investigated BI in AH in the last decade. Therefore, we aimed to assess the features and outcomes of BI in patients with AH. Methods: This observational descriptive study included patients with AH admitted to a tertiary academic hospital between 2016 and 2021. Clinical and complete microbiological data were recorded and complications, including acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), and mortality over 90-days were compared between infected and noninfected patients. Results: Overall, 115 patients with AH were recruited and 75 had severe AH; among them, 66 started corticosteroid treatment. We identified 69 cases of BI in 44 patients; the incidence of BI upon hospital discharge was 32.2%, which reached 38.2% at 90 days. The predominant infection site was the chest (35%). Among the identified bacteria (52.1%), half were gram positive and half gram negative. A low rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria (14%) was also noted. Infected patients during hospitalization (n = 37) exhibited higher rates of hepatic decompensation and ACLF (p = 0.001) and lower survival (81.8% vs. 95.8%, p = 0.015) than did noninfected patients (n = 78). In-hospital infected patients (n = 22) exhibited worse survival (72.7%) than did those infected upon admission (93.3%) or noninfected patients (94.9%) (p = 0.009). Corticosteroid-treated patients displayed a nonsignificant increase in the total number of BI; however, without greater mortality. Conclusions: BI were common in our cohort of patients with AH. Patients with in-hospital infections commonly experienced serious complications, including high ACLF and death rates. Infections diagnosed upon admission were treated without affecting survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T17:12:04Z","timestamp":1727284324000},"page":"5693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bacterial Infection Features in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: Review of a 2016\u20132021 Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2455-2048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aina","family":"Mart\u00ed-Carretero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ares","family":"Villagrasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0436-4827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"P\u00e9rez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c0rea de Malalties Digestives, Hospital Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9513-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meritxell","family":"Ventura-Cots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7190-6948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.042","article-title":"The global burden of cirrhosis: A review of disability adjusted life-years lost and unmet needs","volume":"75","author":"Jepsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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