{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T03:57:55Z","timestamp":1782187075275,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This comprehensive review examines the role of Fenoldopam, a selective dopamine-1 receptor agonist, in preventing and treating acute kidney injury (AKI) during cardiac surgery. AKI remains a significant complication in cardiac surgery, associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The review explores Fenoldopam\u2019s pharmacological properties, mechanism of action, and clinical applications, synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and observational studies. While some studies have shown promising results in improving renal function and reducing AKI incidence, others have failed to demonstrate significant benefits. The review discusses these conflicting findings, explores potential reasons for discrepancies, and identifies areas requiring further research. It also compares Fenoldopam to other renoprotective strategies, including dopamine, diuretics, and N-acetylcysteine. The safety profile of Fenoldopam, including common side effects and contraindications, is addressed. Current guidelines and recommendations for Fenoldopam use in cardiac surgery are presented, along with a cost-effectiveness analysis. The review concludes by outlining future research directions and potential new applications of Fenoldopam in cardiac surgery. By providing a thorough overview of the current state of knowledge, this review aims to facilitate informed decision-making for clinicians and researchers while highlighting areas for future investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T05:26:33Z","timestamp":1727760393000},"page":"5863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Fenoldopam for Renal Protection in Cardiac Surgery: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Evolving Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5271-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cuttone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2156-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"La Via","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care 1, University Hospital Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico\u2013San Marco\u201d, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0560-786X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Misseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Istituto \u201cG. Giglio\u201d Cefal\u00f9, 90100 Cefal\u00f9, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3806-1151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Geraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Sorbello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, 97100 Ragusa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Pappalardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Policlinico Centro Cuore GB Morgagni, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2015.06.017","article-title":"Global Incidence and Outcomes of Adult Patients with Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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