{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T15:39:56Z","timestamp":1793029196523,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Trans-radial access for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has gained popularity due to its advantages over the traditional transfemoral approach. However, radial artery occlusion (RAO) remains a common complication following trans-radial procedures. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of early and late RAO along with their risk factors. Methods: Six databases, Medline (Ovid), National Library of Medicine (MeSH), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Wiley), Embase, Scopus, and Global Index Medicus, were searched. The systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were extracted and analyzed. Using a random-effect model, the primary endpoint was the overall incidence of RAO after invasive coronary procedures. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were also performed to identify possible predictors of RAO. Results: A total of 41 studies with 30,020 patients were included. The overall incidence of RAO was 13% (95% CI = 0.09\u20130.16). The incidence of early RAO (within 24 h) was 14% (95% CI = 0.10\u20130.18) in 26 studies, while the incidence of late RAO (after 24 h) was 10% (95% CI = 0.04\u20130.16) in 22 studies. The average incidence rates of early RAO in studies with catheter sizes of &lt;6 Fr, 6 Fr, and &gt;6 Fr were 9.8%, 9.4%, and 8.8%. The overall effect size of female gender as a predictor was 0.22 with a 95% CI of 0.00\u20130.44. Age was a potential predictor of early RAO (B = 0.000357; 95% CI = \u22120.015\u20130.0027, p: 0.006). Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides essential information on the incidence of early (14%) and late (10%) RAO following angiographic procedures. Additionally, our findings suggest that female sex and age are possible predictors of RAO. A larger catheter, especially (6 Fr) and hemostatic compression time &lt;90 min post-procedure, substantially reduced the incidence of RAO. The use of oral anticoagulation and the appropriate dosage of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) does reduce RAO, but a comparison between them showed no statistical significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T06:27:31Z","timestamp":1727850451000},"page":"5882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Incidence and Predictors of Early and Late Radial Artery Occlusion after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Angiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8711-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aisha","family":"Khalid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4588-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Mautong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo-Ecuador, Samborond\u00f3n 092301, Guayas, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayode","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3532-8984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaina","family":"Aloul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Montero-Cabezas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Marasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2010.07.013","article-title":"Transradial approach for coronary angiography and interventions: Results of the first international transradial practice survey","volume":"3","author":"Bertrand","year":"2010","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivt478","article-title":"Should the radial artery be used as a bypass graft following radial access coronary angiography","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-019-01387-0","article-title":"Trans-radial percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency and\/or on dialysis","volume":"34","author":"Kuno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2010.03.009","article-title":"Impact of length and hydrophilic coating of the introducer sheath on radial artery spasm during transradial coronary intervention: A randomized study","volume":"3","author":"Rathore","year":"2010","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2013.04.010","article-title":"Radial versus femoral access for primary percutaneous interventions in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"6","author":"Karrowni","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2008.05.007","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence and outcomes of radial and femoral approaches to percutaneous coronary intervention: A report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry","volume":"1","author":"Rao","year":"2008","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Wells, G.A., Shea, B., O\u2019Connell, D., Peterson, J., Welch, V., Losos, M., and Tugwell, P. (2024, May 27). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses. Available online: https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/The-Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale-(NOS)-for-Assessing-the-Wells-Wells\/c293fb316b6176154c3fdbb8340a107d9c8c82bf."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/00015385.2017.1305158","article-title":"Radial Artery Occlusion\u2014Incidence, Predictors and Long-term outcome after TRAnsradial Catheterization: Clinico-Doppler ultrasound-based study (RAIL-TRAC study)","volume":"72","author":"Sinha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012781","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.122.012781","article-title":"Optimal Hemostatic Band Duration After Transradial Angiography or Intervention: Insights From a Mixed Treatment Comparison Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials","volume":"16","author":"Maqsood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.5152\/AnatolJCardiol.2021.163","article-title":"Factors influencing radial artery occlusion after transradial coronary intervention in the Indian population","volume":"26","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anatol. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"46","article-title":"Low rate of access site complications after transradial coronary catheterization: A prospective ultrasound study","volume":"14","author":"Mattea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol. Heart Vasc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002686","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002686","article-title":"Radial Artery Occlusion After Transradial Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Pancholy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"2018","article-title":"A randomised comparison of incidence of radial artery occlusion and symptomatic radial artery spasm associated with elective transradial coronary intervention using 6.5 Fr SheathLess Eaucath Guiding Catheter vs. 6.0 Fr Glidesheath Slender","volume":"13","author":"Horie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eurointerv. J. Eur. Collab. Work. Group Interv. Cardiol. Eur. Soc. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.27526","article-title":"Impact of sheath size and hemostasis time on radial artery patency after transradial coronary angiography and intervention in Japanese and non-Japanese patients: A substudy from RAP and BEAT (Radial Artery Patency and Bleeding, Efficacy, Adverse evenT) randomized multicenter trial","volume":"92","author":"Aminian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. Off. J. Soc. Card. Angiogr. Interv."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.07.043","article-title":"Best Practices for the Prevention of Radial Artery Occlusion After Transradial Diagnostic Angiography and Intervention: An International Consensus Paper","volume":"12","author":"Bernat","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The FUTURA\/OASIS-8 Trial Group, Steg, P.G., Jolly, S.S., Mehta, S.R., Afzal, R., Xavier, D., Rupprecht, H.-J., Lopez-Sendon, J.L., Budaj, A., and Diaz, R. (2010). Low-dose vs standard-dose unfractionated heparin for percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndromes treated with fondaparinux: The FUTURA\/OASIS-8 randomized trial. JAMA, 304, 1339\u20131349.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1320"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.08.009","article-title":"Multicenter Randomized Evaluation of High Versus Standard Heparin Dose on Incident Radial Arterial Occlusion After Transradial Coronary Angiography: The SPIRIT OF ARTEMIS Study","volume":"11","author":"Hahalis","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of radial artery occlusion following transradial coronary angiography: The proRadial trial","volume":"112","author":"Schlosser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol. Off. J. Ger. Card. Soc."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"12","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of radial artery occlusion after transradial coronary catheterization","volume":"71","author":"Sadaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egypt. Heart J. EHJ Off. Bull. Egypt. Soc. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.21639","article-title":"Prevention of radial artery occlusion-patent hemostasis evaluation trial (PROPHET study): A randomized comparison of traditional versus patency documented hemostasis after transradial catheterization","volume":"72","author":"Pancholy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. Off. J. Soc. Card. Angiogr. Interv."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.21900","article-title":"Radial compression guided by mean artery pressure versus standard compression with a pneumatic device (RACOMAP)","volume":"73","author":"Cubero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. Off. J. Soc. Card. Angiogr. Interv."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"765","article-title":"Facilitated patent haemostasis after transradial catheterisation to reduce radial artery occlusion","volume":"11","author":"Edris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eurointerv. J. Eur. Collab. Work. Group Interv. Cardiol. Eur. Soc. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-014-0518-5","article-title":"Radial access during percutaneous interventions in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Should we routinely monitor radial artery patency by ultrasonography promptly after the procedure and in long-term observation?","volume":"31","author":"Lisowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s12928-012-0108-1","article-title":"Access site-related complications after transradial catheterization can be reduced with smaller sheath size and statins","volume":"27","author":"Honda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.05.009","article-title":"Advances in the meta-analysis of heterogeneous clinical trials I: The inverse variance heterogeneity model","volume":"45 Pt A","author":"Doi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000141","article-title":"A new improved graphical and quantitative method for detecting bias in meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Barendregt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Evid. Based Healthc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011555","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.121.011555","article-title":"Short-Term Postoperative Use of Rivaroxaban to Prevent Radial Artery Occlusion After Transradial Coronary Procedure: The RESTORE Randomized Trial","volume":"15","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.29771","article-title":"Novel oral anticoagulants in the treatment of radial artery occlusion","volume":"98","author":"Roy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. Off. J. Soc. Card. Angiogr. Interv."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-018-0324-y","article-title":"Impact of anticoagulation and vasoactive medication on regained radial artery patency after catheterization: A case-control study","volume":"23","author":"Rammos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.03.314","article-title":"Comparison of low dose versus standard dose heparin for radial approach in elective coronary angiography?","volume":"187","author":"Aykan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2014.03.1969","article-title":"PT200 Effect of Short-Time Compression with Kaolin-Filled Pad on Radial Artery Occlusion After Transradial Acess Catheterization","volume":"9","author":"Chou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Heart"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2020.06.002","article-title":"A comparative assessment of Dorsal radial artery access versus classical radial artery access for percutaneous coronary angiography-a randomized control trial (DORA trial)","volume":"72","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Heart J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.06.041","article-title":"Prevention of radial artery occlusion by simultaneous ulnar and radial compression (PRO-SURC). A randomized duplex ultrasound follow-up study","volume":"363","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"476","article-title":"Randomized COmparison of Isolated Radial Artery ComPrEssioN Versus Radial and Ipsilateral Ulnar Artery Compression in Achieving Radial Artery Patency: The OPEN-Radial Trial","volume":"32","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Invasive Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.30328","article-title":"Evaluation of the incidence of radial artery occlusion using different introducer sheaths and hemostasis techniques","volume":"100","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. Off. J. Soc. Card. Angiogr. Interv."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, Z., Yang, X., Cheng, W., Wang, J., and Jin, Z. (2022). Different Antiplatelet Strategies for Radial Artery Protection After Transradial Coronary Angiography-A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.913008"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s12928-020-00750-7","article-title":"Angiographic evaluation of radial artery injury after transradial approach for percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"37","author":"Kanazawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.2217\/fca-2020-0159","article-title":"Rate of late radial artery occlusion following cardiac catheterization at Jordan University Hospital","volume":"17","author":"Shaban","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Achim, A., K\u00e1konyi, K., Jambrik, Z., Nagy, F., T\u00f3th, J., Sasi, V., Hausinger, P., Nemes, A., Varga, A., and Bertrand, O.F. (2021). Distal Radial Artery Access for Coronary and Peripheral Procedures: A Multicenter Experience. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10245974"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1159\/000517076","article-title":"Feasibility of Distal Radial Access for Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Single Center Experience","volume":"146","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v9.i11.807","article-title":"Randomized study comparing incidence of radial artery occlusion post-percutaneous coronary intervention between two conventional compression devices using a novel air-inflation technique","volume":"9","author":"Voon","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kherad, B., K\u00f6hncke, C., Spillmann, F., Post, H., Noutsias, M., Pieske, B., Krackhardt, F., and Tsch\u00f6pe, C. (2016). Postprocedural radial artery occlusion rate using a sheathless guiding catheter for left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy performed by transradial approach. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0432-y"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2018.08.013","article-title":"Effect of hemostatic device on radial artery occlusion: A randomized comparison of compression devices in the radial hemostasis study","volume":"19","author":"Sanghvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Revascularization Med. Mol. Interv."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000639","article-title":"Two HEmostasis Methods After TransradIal Catheterization: THEMATIC Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"35","author":"Wainstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0000000000000166","article-title":"Standardized radial approach reduces access site complications: A prospective observational registry","volume":"26","author":"Markovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Coron. Artery Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"8","article-title":"Distal radial approach between theory and clinical practice. Time to go distal!","volume":"74","author":"Sanhoury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt. Heart J. EHJ Off. Bull. Egypt. Soc. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.11.017","article-title":"Ultrahigh-resolution ultrasound characterization of access site trauma and intimal hyperplasia following use of a 7F sheathless guide versus 6F sheath\/guide combination for transradial artery PCI: Results of the PRAGMATIC trial","volume":"198","author":"Batchelor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"461","article-title":"Different Spasmolytic Regimens (Nitroglycerin vs Verapamil) and the Incidence of Radial Artery Occlusion After Transradial Catheterization","volume":"30","author":"Dharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Invasive Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.03.011","article-title":"Prevention of Radial Artery Occlusion of 3 Hemostatic Methods in Transradial Intervention for Coronary Angiography","volume":"15","author":"Saenz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716026","article-title":"Radial-Artery or Saphenous-Vein Grafts in Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery","volume":"378","author":"Gaudino","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"270","article-title":"Interference of Reprocessed Introducers in Radial Artery Occlusion after Cardiac Catheterization","volume":"21","author":"Barros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Cardiol. Invasiva Engl. Ed."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ulnar Artery Interventions Non-Inferior to Radial Approach: AJmer Ulnar ARtery (AJULAR) Intervention Working Group Study Results","volume":"28","author":"Gokhroo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Invasive Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.30005","article-title":"Radial artery occlusion after conventional and distal radial access: Impact of preserved flow and time-to-hemostasis in a propensity-score matching analysis of 1163 patients","volume":"99","author":"Pacchioni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. Off. J. Soc. Card. Angiogr. Interv."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.09.043","article-title":"Frequency of Radial Artery Occlusion After Transradial Access in Patients Receiving Warfarin Therapy and Undergoing Coronary Angiography","volume":"113","author":"Pancholy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v13.i10.574","article-title":"Patent hemostasis of radial artery: Comparison of two methods","volume":"13","author":"Kyriakopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2013.0128","article-title":"The long-term incidence and predictors of radial artery occlusion following a transradial coronary procedure","volume":"21","author":"Buturak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiol. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.447","article-title":"TCT-418 Doppler Control of Radial Artery After Use of TR Band Following Coronarography and\/or Angioplasty: DRABAND study results","volume":"60","author":"Monsegu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.25661","article-title":"A novel approach to reduce radial artery occlusion after transradial catheterization: Postprocedural\/prehemostasis intra-arterial nitroglycerin","volume":"85","author":"Dharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7928961","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7928961","article-title":"A Randomized Trial Comparing Short versus Prolonged Hemostasis with Rescue Recanalization by Ipsilateral Ulnar Artery Compression: Impact on Radial Artery Occlusion\u2014The RESCUE-RAO Trial","volume":"2020","author":"Ognerubov","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intervent. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F23","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/suaa095","article-title":"Post-procedural radial artery occlusion and patency detection using duplex ultrasound vs. the reverse Barbeau test","volume":"22","author":"Jirous","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Suppl. J. Eur. Soc. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3084","DOI":"10.1590\/1518-8345.2584.3084","article-title":"Randomized clinical study on radial artery compression time after elective coronary angiography","volume":"26","author":"Campos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Lat. Am. Enfermagem"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/19\/5882\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:09:08Z","timestamp":1760112548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/19\/5882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13195882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13195882","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]}}}