{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:19:15Z","timestamp":1774315155546,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hori Sciences and Arts Foundation"},{"name":"Nakatomi Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The rate of force development (RFD), which is the change in force over a period of time during muscle contraction, quantifies rapid muscle contractions. RFD may serve as a measure of physical rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, its reliability and validity in older patients remain unclear. This study examined the reliability and validity of quadricep RFD in older patients with CVD. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 30 outpatients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation (median age, 77 years) and 30 inpatients hospitalized for CVD (median age, 76 years). The quadricep RFD values at three time points (RFD50, 0\u201350 ms; RFD100, 0\u2013100 ms; and RFD200, 0\u2013200 ms) were calculated from the slope of the force\u2013time curve. Physical performance was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Intra- and inter-rater correlation coefficients were assessed for outpatients. The correlation coefficients between RFD values and physical performance indicators were assessed separately for outpatients and inpatients. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients (1,1) and (2,1) for RFD50, RFD100, and RFD200 were 0.742, 0.893, and 0.873 and 0.810, 0.918, and 0.930, respectively. The correlation coefficients for SPPB with RFD50, RFD100, and RFD200 were 0.553, 0.547, and 0.597 (all p &lt; 0.05), respectively, for inpatients; similar moderate correlations were observed for gait speed and the chair stand test. Conclusions: The test\u2013retest reliability of the RFD was excellent in older patients with CVD. The RFD was positively correlated with physical function indicators, suggesting its validity as a measure of physical rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T12:03:49Z","timestamp":1728389029000},"page":"5973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reliability and Validity of the Rate of Force Development for Quadriceps in Older Patients with Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9756-0343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuji","family":"Adachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chubu","family":"Morishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Nojiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Tsunekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya 454-0854, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Tanimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya 454-0854, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taisei","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Nagoya Heart Center, Nagoya 461-0045, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Nagoya Heart Center, Nagoya 461-0045, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nagoya Heart Center, Nagoya 461-0045, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000525","article-title":"Muscular strength and cardiovascular disease: An updated state-of-the-art narrative review","volume":"40","author":"Carbone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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