{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:24:57Z","timestamp":1790393097163,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tumescent local anesthesia (TLA) is widely used in esthetic surgery due to its ability to reduce complications, eliminate the need for general anesthesia, provide effective pain control, and shorten hospitalization times. Methods: This study evaluates the use of TLA in 80 patients who underwent augmentation mastopexy between 2010 and 2022. A tumescent solution containing 500 mg lidocaine, 672 mg sodium bicarbonate, and 1 mg epinephrine in 1000 mL of saline was infiltrated, with an average of 300 mL per breast. The surgical technique involved creating a subpectoral pocket for textured round implants (250\u2013400 cc), followed by careful hemostasis. Results: No patients required conversion to general anesthesia, and there were no signs of toxicity or major complications. Minor complications included wound dehiscence (6.2%), hematoma (2.5%), and capsular contracture (2.5%). Pain management satisfaction at 3 months post-surgery was rated as \u201coutstanding\u201d by 12.5% of patients, \u201cexcellent\u201d by 67.5%, and \u201cgood\u201d by 20%. The longest follow-up was 6 years, with no implant ruptures except one (1.2%). Conclusions: While the study did not include a control group or statistical analysis, the findings suggest that TLA is a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia for augmentation mastopexy, providing excellent pain control and a low rate of complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13206057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T08:10:16Z","timestamp":1728634216000},"page":"6057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Safe and Effective Augmentation Mastopexy with Tumescent Local Anesthesia: A Decade of Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Ziani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2985-5902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilde","family":"Tettamanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Arrica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8396-095X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Cuomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Filigheddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8846-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Trignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrado","family":"Liperi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2410-6083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrado","family":"Rubino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Trignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2022.05.003","article-title":"Longevity of ptosis correction in mastopexy and reduction mammaplasty: A systematic review of techniques","volume":"34","author":"Wagner","year":"2022","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2020.09.002","article-title":"Augmentation Mastopexy: Planning and Performance for Predictability: Management of Complications","volume":"48","author":"Layt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. 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