{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:31:48Z","timestamp":1760146308651,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The trophoblast is a significant source of vitamin D synthesis during pregnancy, with the literature suggesting its role in fetal growth. We aim to underline a possible mechanism that would explain negative fetal outcomes in COVID-19-positive mothers by examining the relationship between altered placental structure and function and throphoblast cells\u2018 vitamin D receptor levels. Methods: The study included 170 placental samples collected from women who gave birth at term without complications, divided into three groups: COVID-19-positive and unvaccinated, COVID-19-negative and vaccinated, and COVID-19-negative and unvaccinated, with exclusion criteria for any other medical complications. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression, and immediate fetal outcomes (weight and Apgar score) were assessed. Results: We found lower gestational age at birth, lower birth weight, and reduced placental VDR (vitamin D receptor) levels in COVID-19-positive women compared to COVID-19-vaccinated and COVID-19-negative women. Conclusions: The presence of the vitamin D receptor in the placenta is related to fetal and placental growth. Its deficiency may contribute to negative fetal outcomes in COVID-19-positive cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13206140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T07:28:35Z","timestamp":1729495715000},"page":"6140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vitamin D Receptor\u2014Interplay in COVID-19-Negative, -Infected, and -Vaccinated Women during Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Constantin","family":"Condac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cCuza Vod\u0103\u201d Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3994-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmila","family":"Lozneanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I\u2014Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2862-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Roxana","family":"Matasariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCuza Vod\u0103\u201d Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8207-7655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ursache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iuliana Elena","family":"Bujor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Ni\u021b\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCuza Vod\u0103\u201d Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-6189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasile Lucian","family":"Boiculese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Sava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"\u021a\u0103roi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7391-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"B\u00eerlu\u021biu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-021-01148-6","article-title":"COVID-19 in pregnancy: Placental pathological patterns and effect on perinatal outcome in five cases","volume":"16","author":"Giordano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn. 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