{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:55:09Z","timestamp":1792716909467,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF-2016-02362541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2016-02362541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Progetto Ricerca Corrente"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Progetto Ricerca Corrente"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a widespread pre-cancerous skin condition that may evolve to squamous cell carcinoma, a non-melanoma skin cancer, which is able to become locally invasive and metastatic. Thus, it is important to treat AK. Methods: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis for the field-directed therapeutic approaches: local application of drugs containing 5-fluorouracil, both alone at a 4% concentration and associated to 10% salicylic acid at a 0.5% concentration (0.5% 5-FU + 10% SA cut. sol.); diclofenac-hyaluronic acid gel; imiquimod, both at 3.75% and 5% (5% IMQ cream) concentrations; and tirbanibulin ointment. The effectiveness data were abstracted from the literature. The cost-effectiveness analysis was performed by considering the prices reported by Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA) for each medicine. Results: We obtained the total cost for each treatment by computing the cost of a single treatment for its duration. Application of 0.5% 5-FU + 10% SA cut. sol. appeared as the most convenient approach, as it was more effective and less expensive than all treatments except for 5% IMQ cream. For this last option, the incremental cost\/effectiveness ratio analysis showed that a modest gain in effectiveness has a cost of EUR 7.94, therefore making it less cost effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T11:31:57Z","timestamp":1729596717000},"page":"6312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Topical Treatments for Actinic Keratosis in Italian National Health System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9376-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariafrancesca","family":"Hyeraci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9423-1607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Pistore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8388-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Di","family":"Lella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4329-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Dellambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiano","family":"Abeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Fania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"616","article-title":"Actinic Keratosis and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"116","author":"Gutzmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dtsch. 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