{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:35:51Z","timestamp":1792805751695,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"project Technologically Enabled Advancements in Dental Medicine (TEAM)","award":["760303_CF_80_I8_R2_AA1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["760303_CF_80_I8_R2_AA1"]}]},{"name":"project Technologically Enabled Advancements in Dental Medicine (TEAM)","award":["646\/40\/11.01.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["646\/40\/11.01.2024"]}]},{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization, within Component 9, investment I8","award":["760303_CF_80_I8_R2_AA1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["760303_CF_80_I8_R2_AA1"]}]},{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization, within Component 9, investment I8","award":["646\/40\/11.01.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["646\/40\/11.01.2024"]}]},{"name":"\u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Doctoral Research Program","award":["760303_CF_80_I8_R2_AA1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["760303_CF_80_I8_R2_AA1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051h0cw83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"\u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Doctoral Research Program","award":["646\/40\/11.01.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["646\/40\/11.01.2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051h0cw83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Recent advancements in dental implantology have significantly improved outcomes, with success rates of 90\u201395% over a 10-year period. Key improvements include enhanced preplanning processes, such as precise implant positioning, model selection, and optimal insertion depth. However, challenges remain, particularly in achieving correct spatial positioning and alignment of implants for optimal occlusion. These challenges are pronounced in patients with reduced bone substance or complex anthropometric features, where even minor misalignments can result in complications or defects. Methods: This paper introduces a vision-guided robotic system designed to improve spatial positioning accuracy during dental implant surgery. The system incorporates advanced force-feedback control to regulate the pressure applied to bone, minimizing the risk of bone damage. A preoperative CBCT scan, combined with real-time images from a robot-mounted camera, guides implant positioning. A personalized marker holder guide, developed from the initial CBCT scan, is used for patient\u2013robot calibration. The robot-mounted camera provides continuous visual feedback of the oral cavity during surgery, enabling precise registration of the patient with the robotic system. Results: Initial experiments were conducted on a 3D-printed mandible using a personalized marker holder. Following successful patient\u2013robot registration, the robotic system autonomously performed implant drilling. To evaluate the accuracy of the robotic-assisted procedure, further tests were conducted on 40 identical molds, followed by measurements of implant positioning. The results demonstrated improved positioning accuracy compared to the manual procedure. Conclusions: The vision-guided robotic system significantly enhances the spatial accuracy of dental implants compared to traditional manual methods. By integrating advanced force-feedback control and real-time visual guidance, the system addresses key challenges in implant positioning, particularly for patients with complex anatomical structures. These findings suggest that robotic-assisted implant surgery could offer a safer and more precise alternative to manual procedures, reducing the risk of implant misalignment and associated complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T04:28:43Z","timestamp":1729657723000},"page":"6326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Vision-Guided Robotic System for Safe Dental Implant Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8866-4662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Pisla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Oral Radiology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasile","family":"Bulbucan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESTER\u2014Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 4000114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Hedesiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Oral Radiology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2822-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calin","family":"Vaida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESTER\u2014Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 4000114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0483-7691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionut","family":"Zima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESTER\u2014Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 4000114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rares","family":"Mocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400429 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5660-8259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Tucan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESTER\u2014Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 4000114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Dinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Iuliu Hossu Street, 400429 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7014-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doina","family":"Pisla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESTER\u2014Research Center for Industrial Robots Simulation and Testing, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 4000114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"TEAM Project Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_380_17","article-title":"Factors Affecting the Survival Rate of Dental Implants: A retrospective Study","volume":"7","author":"Raikar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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