{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T17:29:17Z","timestamp":1773682157036,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Edwards Lifesciences S\u00e0rl"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the second most common valve disease in Europe, and differences between men and women have been described in relation to aetiology or management, which might impact the decision for intervention and patients\u2019 clinical and economic outcomes. Thus, the objective was to analyse the burden of MR in Spain by aetiology and sex, and the management of all patients suffering from MR being admitted to hospital between 2016\u20132021. Methods: An analysis was carried out with the Ministry of Health\u2019s database, including all patients in public and subsidised hospitals and defining two groups, general MR and those patients undergoing Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge repair (TEER), using a descriptive analysis of patients\u2019 characteristics, use of resources, and outcomes; standardised rates were calculated and observed outcomes were described. Results: Hospital admissions increased from 2016 (n = 32,806) to 2021 (total n = 61,036). In general, the women were older and presented more complications. The majority of patients suffered from degenerative MR (DMR) (n = 183,005, 59.55%), and 61.56% were women, contrary to functional MR (FMR) (n = 124,278), which consisted of 62.15% males. In total, 1,689 TEERs were performed, 23.33% of them in urgent admissions, and mostly in men (65.66%). All groups showed higher rates of intervention for males. Regarding costs, women presented lower mean costs in the general MR groups but those undergoing TEER presented, in all cases, costs higher than men. Conclusions: MR entails a significant burden for patients and the Spanish healthcare system, increasing over the period of study. Differences in aetiologies by sex have been found in patients\u2019 characteristics as well as outcomes. Further studies are needed to optimise patients\u2019 management and their outcomes in relation to sex and aetiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T09:11:47Z","timestamp":1729761107000},"page":"6372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Burden of Mitral Regurgitation in Spain from 2016\u20132021: An Analysis by Aetiology and Sex"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0487-1749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Zamorano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Bartolom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dabit","family":"Arzamendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, The Thorax Institute, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5045-5765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Carnero-Alc\u00e1zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9742-6072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Cruz-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Interventional Cardiology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7556-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Hion Pedro","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pardo-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4510-0154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axentiva Solutions, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Applied Economics and Quantitative Methods, University of La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6705-006X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Cerezales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axentiva Solutions, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Cuervo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axentiva Solutions, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Vernia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edwards Lifesciences Europe, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edwards Lifesciences, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Mart\u00ed-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edwards Lifesciences Europe, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab395","article-title":"2021 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines for the Management of Valvular Heart Disease","volume":"43","author":"Vahanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. 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Arch (Online), 11.","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v11i7.2.4053"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/21\/6372\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:19:32Z","timestamp":1760113172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/21\/6372"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13216372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13216372","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]}}}