{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:15:46Z","timestamp":1784297746126,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":214,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) poses a significant threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), as this bacterium is highly adaptable and resistant to antibiotics. While early-stage Pa infections can often be eradicated with aggressive antibiotic therapy, chronic infections are nearly impossible to eliminate and require treatments that focus on long-term bacterial suppression. Without such suppression, these persistent infections can severely damage the lungs, leading to serious complications and a reduced life expectancy for CF patients. Evidence for a specific treatment regimen for managing Pa infections in CF patients remains limited. This narrative review provides a detailed analysis of antimicrobial therapies assessed in completed phase IV trials, focusing on their safety and efficacy, especially with prolonged use. Key antibiotics, including tobramycin, colistin, meropenem, aztreonam, ceftolozane\/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, are discussed, emphasizing their use, side effects, and delivery methods. Inhaled antibiotics are preferred for their targeted action and minimal side effects, while systemic antibiotics offer potency but carry risks like nephrotoxicity. The review also explores emerging treatments, such as phage therapy and antibiofilm agents, which show promise in managing chronic infections. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to enhance the safety and effectiveness of existing therapies while investigating new approaches for better long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T11:53:43Z","timestamp":1730462023000},"page":"6530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Therapeutic Interventions for Pseudomonas Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Review of Phase IV Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alqasmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61162-9","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis: Impaired bicarbonate secretion and mucoviscidosis","volume":"372","author":"Quinton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00576-6","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis","volume":"388","author":"Elborn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2017.04.012","article-title":"The changing epidemiology and demography of cystic fibrosis","volume":"46","author":"Stephenson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2022.01.009","article-title":"Worldwide rates of diagnosis and effective treatment for cystic fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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