{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:52:27Z","timestamp":1787507547615,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Aniridia is a rare panocular, bilateral, and congenital disease characterized by complete or partial iris hypoplasia and foveal hypoplasia, leading to decreased visual acuity and nystagmus. AAK, also referred to as aniridic keratopathy, manifests as corneal surface damage, epithelial thinning or loss, inflammation with immune cell infiltration, vascularization, and chronic progressive opacification. Methods: Twenty-one eyes in eighteen patients with aniridia underwent the triple procedure for visual rehabilitation. Subjects with stromal scarring with mild limbal deficiency were qualified for surgery. The majority of them developed stage II (15), and a few of them had third-degree (6) aniridic keratopathy. Results: The mean patient age was 38.4 \u00b1 8.8. Visual acuity after one year of observation ranged from 0.4 in two eyes to 0.2 in nine eyes to below 0.1 in ten eyes. In the second year, VA remained at the same level in 13 patients (72.2%). In the third year, four patients (22.2%) experienced recurrence of AAK. Conclusions: A majority of the ARK cases (72.2%) had a graft providing useful vision for the patient 2\u2009years after corneal transplantation, but the visual gain was modest at best. Longer follow-up time is required to evaluate functional graft outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T10:57:20Z","timestamp":1730717840000},"page":"6619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Triple Procedure in Patients with Congenital Aniridia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bogumi\u0142 Henryk","family":"Wowra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, District Railway Hospital, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"\u0141ach-Wojnarowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzena","family":"Wysocka-Kosmulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8768-1691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Dobrowolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, District Railway Hospital, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6707-5790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Wyl\u0119ga\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, District Railway Hospital, 65 Panewnicka Street, 40-760 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.100","article-title":"Aniridia","volume":"20","author":"Hingorani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. 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