{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:49:38Z","timestamp":1792799378265,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study aimed to examine contemporary results of the frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure in an all-comers patient cohort. Methods: Between January 2017 and May 2024, a total of 132 consecutive patients with either aortic aneurysm (n = 32), acute aortic dissection (n = 32), or chronic aortic dissection (n = 68) underwent total aortic arch replacement employing the FET technique. In-hospital data were collected prospectively and included preoperative characteristics, intraoperative data, and follow-up results. Results: The median cardiopulmonary bypass time, cardiac ischemia time, and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion time were 180 (161\u2013205), 89 (70\u2013113), and 45 (38\u201354) min, respectively. Total 30-day mortality rate was 7.6% (n = 10). The rate of major postoperative neurological complications was 6.8% (n = 9) for perioperative stroke and 2.3% (n = 3) for permanent spinal cord injury. Five patients (3.8%) required hemofiltration at the time of discharge due to postoperative kidney injury. Rates of subsequent endovascular and open aortic repair following primary FET were 40.9% (n = 54) and 3.8% (n = 5), respectively. The median time to reintervention was 86 (30\u2013439) days. The median follow-up time was 25 (8\u201352) months, and overall survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 89%, 89%, and 87%, respectively. Conclusions: Our data are consistent with current reports, indicating that the FET technique is a valuable adjunct in treating extensive aortic arch pathologies. The procedure provides an increasingly safe and effective option for complete aortic arch replacement, even in patients requiring a redo procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13226640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T06:30:48Z","timestamp":1730788248000},"page":"6640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Contemporary Single-Center Experience of Complete Aortic Arch Replacement Employing the Frozen Elephant Trunk Technique in Patients with Extensive Aortic Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Armin-Kai","family":"Schoeberl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0318-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Schachner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Preinfalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Wels-Grieskirchen Hospital, 4600 Wels, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Zierer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1020290","article-title":"Extensive Aortic Replacement using \u201cElephant Trunk\u201d Prosthesis","volume":"31","author":"Borst","year":"1983","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc. 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