{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:50:44Z","timestamp":1782316244687,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde","award":["512648189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["512648189"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the Thueringer Universitaets- und Landesbibliothek Jena","award":["512648189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["512648189"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["512648189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["512648189"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: To examine the oral health of children and adolescents with and without diabetes mellitus. Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease in childhood and demonstrates an increasing incidence. Many children live with gingivitis as a precursor to periodontitis. If left untreated, it can cause the development of periodontitis. The links between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus are known but have been little studied in the age group of children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: Clinical examination and collection of sulcus fluid from participants aged 5 to 21 years was performed. The following data were collected: demographic variables, caries prevalence, DMF-T, VPI, PUFA, salivary flow rate, HbA1c, PSI, and the concentration of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, MMP-8, and TNF-\u03b1. Results: Patients with diabetes mellitus showed a significantly lower salivary flow rate with higher concentrations of MMP-8 and IL-1\u03b2. The data indicate that at this age, regular visits to the dentist are of great importance for the promotion of oral health in children and adolescents regardless of diabetes and that patients with diabetes mellitus in particular benefit from prevention, as they belong to the periodontitis risk group. Conclusions: Patients with low salivary flow rates and increased inflammatory mediators are high-risk patients for whom dental preventive measures play a major role.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13226742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T11:34:11Z","timestamp":1731324851000},"page":"6742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Oral Health of Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pauline","family":"Sch\u00e4dlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Section Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9347-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judit","family":"Symmank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Department for Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2994-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Dost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Section Diabetology, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collin","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Department for Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Training Center Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation (2024, October 24). 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