{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T09:39:05Z","timestamp":1775986745323,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The number of individuals with lower limb loss (LLL) is rising. Therefore, identifying the walking potential in individuals with LLL and prescribing adequate prosthetic systems are crucial. Various factors can influence participants\u2019 walking ability, to different extents. The aim of the present study was to apply machine learning methods to develop a predictive mode. This model can assist rehabilitation and limb loss care teams in making informed decisions regarding prosthesis prescription and predicting walking ability in individuals with LLL. Methods: The present study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study encompassing 104 consecutively recruited participants with LLL (average age 62.1 \u00b1 10.9 years, 80 (76.9%) men) at the Medical Rehabilitation Clinic. Demographic, physical, psychological, and social status data of patients were collected at the beginning of the rehabilitation program. At the end of the treatment, K-level estimation of functional ability, a Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and a Two-Minute Walking Test (TMWT) were performed. Support vector machines (SVM) were used to develop the prediction model. Results: Three decision trees were created, one for each output, as follows: K-level, TUG, and TMWT. For all three outputs, there were eight significant predictors (balance, body mass index, age, Beck depression inventory, amputation level, muscle strength of the residual extremity hip extensors, intact extremity (IE) plantar flexors, and IE hip extensors). For the K-level, the ninth predictor was The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Conclusions: Using the SVM model, we can predict the K-level, TUG, and TMWT with high accuracy. These clinical assessments could be incorporated into routine clinical practice to guide clinicians and inform patients of their potential level of ambulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13226763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T11:34:11Z","timestamp":1731324851000},"page":"6763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Machine Learning Model for Predicting Walking Ability in Lower Limb Amputees"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9297-793X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Knezevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0225-515X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovana","family":"Arsenovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4384-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enis","family":"Garipi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nedeljko","family":"Platisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4419-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Savic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tijana","family":"Aleksandric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dunja","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3047-7681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larisa","family":"Subic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Milenovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Special Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0072-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dusica","family":"Simic Panic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Center for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8597-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slavko","family":"Budinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4760-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janko","family":"Pasternak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Manojlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2802-8780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milica Jeremic","family":"Knezevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2034-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirna","family":"Kapetina Radovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9103-1280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoran","family":"Jelicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Randall, B.E. 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