{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T06:42:42Z","timestamp":1771051362329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The risk of asthma in patients with psoriasis and that of psoriasis in patients with asthma have increased, but relevant data for the pediatric population are lacking. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the pooled association between psoriasis and asthma in children and adolescents. Methods: We conducted an extensive search of the medical literature databases through to July 2024. The estimated risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Results: Three studies, involving 5310 children with psoriasis and 1,539,029 control participants, were included to evaluate the incidence of asthma in children with psoriasis. The meta-analysis indicated a significantly increased risk of asthma in children with psoriasis [RR 1.38 (95% CI, 1.28\u20131.49)]. Additionally, two studies involving 104,369 asthmatic children and 1,539,029 controls were included to evaluate the incidence of psoriasis in children with asthma. The meta-analysis indicated a significant increase in the risk of psoriasis in children with asthma [RR 1.17 (95% CI, 0.70\u20131.95)]. Conclusions: This meta-analysis offers evidence supporting the association between psoriasis and asthma in pediatric populations. Therefore, physicians should make patients aware of the connection between these two chronic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13226991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T09:14:38Z","timestamp":1732094078000},"page":"6991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Co-Occurrence of Psoriasis and Asthma in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7909-5713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Mleczko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Gerkowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3176-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Krasowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32549-6","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09593.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and comorbidity of psoriasis in children","volume":"162","author":"Augustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.339","article-title":"Global epidemiology of psoriasis: A systematic review of incidence and prevalence","volume":"133","author":"Parisi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"S19","article-title":"National Asthma Education and Prevention Program 2020 Guidelines: What\u2019s Important for Primary Care","volume":"70","author":"Murphy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fam. Prim."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"National surveillance of asthma: United States, 2001\u20132010","volume":"35","author":"Moorman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vital Health Statistics. Ser. 3 Anal. Epidemiol. Stud."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2416","article-title":"Pediatric Asthma: A Global Epidemic","volume":"85","author":"Serebrisky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Glob. Heal."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3794","article-title":"Targeting IL-17 and TH17 cells in chronic inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Miossec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.59","article-title":"The IL-23\/Th17 axis in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis","volume":"129","author":"Nestle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7692024","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7692024","article-title":"T Helper Cell Subsets in Clinical Manifestations of Psoriasis","volume":"2016","author":"Diani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2017.1283696","article-title":"Th-17 regulatory cytokines IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 enhance neutrophil production of IL-17 cytokines during asthma","volume":"54","author":"Halwani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Asthma"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20221094","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221094","article-title":"T helper 2 cells in asthma","volume":"220","author":"Harker","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habib, N., Pasha, M.A., and Tang, D.D. (2022). Current Understanding of Asthma Pathogenesis and Biomarkers. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172764"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.08.002","article-title":"Th17-mediated inflammation in asthma","volume":"25","author":"Newcomb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.R-07-160","article-title":"Th17 and Allergy","volume":"57","author":"Oboki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201409-1689OC","article-title":"IL-17A and the Promotion of Neutrophilia in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"192","author":"Roos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2010.10.1.1","article-title":"Role of IL-23 and Th17 Cells in Airway Inflammation in Asthma","volume":"10","author":"Nakajima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.4089","article-title":"TH17 cells mediate steroid-resistant airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice","volume":"181","author":"McKinley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alnahas, S., Hagner, S., Raifer, H., Kilic, A., Gasteiger, G., Mutters, R., Hellhund, A., Prinz, I., Pinkenburg, O., and Visekruna, A. (2017). IL-17 and TNF-\u03b1 Are Key Mediators of Moraxella catarrhalis Triggered Exacerbation of Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01562"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.10.034","article-title":"Identification of IL-17F\/frequent exacerbator endotype in asthma","volume":"140","author":"Ricciardolo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1926","article-title":"Complement-mediated regulation of the IL-17A axis is a central genetic determinant of the severity of experimental allergic asthma","volume":"11","author":"Lajoie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcu008","article-title":"The risk of asthma in rheumatoid arthritis: A population-based cohort study","volume":"107","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"QJM Int. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.1076","article-title":"Celiac disease confers a 1.6-fold increased risk of asthma: A nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"127","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.119557","article-title":"Could TH1 and TH2 diseases coexist? Evaluation of asthma incidence in children with coeliac disease, type 1 diabetes, or rheumatoid arthritis: A register study","volume":"108","author":"Kero","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1159\/000119415","article-title":"Disease severity, quality of life and health care in plaque-type psoriasis: A multicenter cross-sectional study in Germany","volume":"216","author":"Augustin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.5694\/mja18.00207","article-title":"Health-related quality of life burden in severe asthma","volume":"209","author":"McDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.5417","article-title":"Association of Psoriasis With Comorbidity Development in Children With Psoriasis","volume":"154","author":"Tollefson","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E304","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13539","article-title":"Association between obesity and pediatric psoriasis","volume":"35","author":"Hunjan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz152","article-title":"Global Prevalence and Bidirectional Association Between Psoriasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Alinaghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13772","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study to evaluate the development of comorbidities, including psychiatric comorbidities, among a pediatric psoriasis population","volume":"36","author":"Paller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109759","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis and asthma assessment of risk factors in pediatric patients: A systematic review","volume":"129","author":"Testa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.12.020","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis in the pediatric population: A cross-sectional, international epidemiologic study","volume":"126","author":"Silverberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-017-2484-0","article-title":"Asthma, GERD and Obesity: Triangle of Inflammation","volume":"85","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000446","article-title":"The asthma\u2013obesity relationship: Underlying mechanisms and treatment implications","volume":"24","author":"Carpaij","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"63","article-title":"Association of asthma with gastroesophageal reflux disease in children","volume":"67","author":"Ay","year":"2004","journal-title":"JCMA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23689","article-title":"Anxiety in youth with asthma: A meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Dudeney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000381913","article-title":"Epidemiology and Comorbidity in Children with Psoriasis and Atopic Eczema","volume":"231","author":"Augustin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00133-5","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3485","article-title":"Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Among Adolescents with Psoriasis: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study","volume":"100","author":"Galili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2023.2243216","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric psoriasis: A population-based study using two Italian data sources","volume":"39","author":"Lapi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13781","article-title":"Risk of psoriasis in patients with childhood asthma: A Danish nationwide cohort study","volume":"173","author":"Egeberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22429","article-title":"Increased risk of psoriasis in children and elderly patients with asthma: A longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3390\/jor3020007","article-title":"Bidirectional Association between Psoriasis and Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"3","author":"Garcia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Respir."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, D., Zhou, X., Wu, F., Cai, R., Liu, J., and Bai, Y. (2024). Association between psoriasis and asthma: A systematic review and bidirectional meta-analysis. BMC Pulm. Med., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03078-7"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.013","article-title":"Early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis is T(H)2 but also T(H)17 polarized in skin","volume":"138","author":"Esaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.05.038","article-title":"Increased frequency of dual-positive TH2\/TH17 cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid characterizes a population of patients with severe asthma","volume":"134","author":"Irvin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2030880","article-title":"Risankizumab in Severe Asthma\u2014A Phase 2a, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"385","author":"Brightling","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201212-2318OC","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of brodalumab, a human anti\u2013IL-17 receptor monoclonal antibody, in moderate to severe asthma","volume":"188","author":"Busse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.8","article-title":"There is no evidence of an inverse relationship between TH2-mediated atopy and TH1-mediated autoimmune disorders: Lack of support for the hygiene hypothesis","volume":"111","author":"Sheikh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-0477.2001.01250.x","article-title":"Coincidence of immune-mediated diseases driven by Th1 and Th 2 subsets suggests a common aetiology. A population-based study using computerized General Practice data","volume":"32","author":"Simpson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.03.027","article-title":"IL-17\u2013high asthma with features of a psoriasis immunophenotype","volume":"144","author":"Schofield","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt317","article-title":"A genome-wide association study of atopic dermatitis identifies loci with overlapping effects on asthma and psoriasis","volume":"22","author":"Weidinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1684","article-title":"Mapping and identifying genes for asthma and psoriasis","volume":"360","author":"Kere","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.311","article-title":"Genome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-\u03baB pathways","volume":"41","author":"Nair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13637","article-title":"Asthma in patients with psoriasis","volume":"172","author":"Skov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mleczko, M., Gerkowicz, A., and Krasowska, D. (2022). Chronic Inflammation as the Underlying Mechanism of the Development of Lung Diseases in Psoriasis: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031767"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.106609","article-title":"Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)","volume":"64","author":"Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2678","article-title":"Asthma phenotypes: The evolution from clinical to molecular approaches","volume":"18","author":"Wenzel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00007112","article-title":"Adult-onset asthma: Is it really different?","volume":"22","author":"Venekamp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900500448738","article-title":"Misdiagnosis of COPD and asthma in primary care patients 40 years of age and over","volume":"43","author":"Tinkelman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Asthma"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13382","article-title":"Pediatric psoriasis: Evolving perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.11.050","article-title":"The epidemiology of obesity and asthma","volume":"115","author":"Ford","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.134970","article-title":"Synthesis, bioactive properties, and biomedical applications of intrinsically therapeutic nanoparticles for disease treatment","volume":"435","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/22\/6991\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:35:55Z","timestamp":1760114155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/22\/6991"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13226991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13226991","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]}}}