{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:53:37Z","timestamp":1776941617995,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Croatia. Since most patients have multiple disorders and diseases caused largely by the same risk factors, and as it is essential to approach each patient as a person with all disorders, today, we are talking about a new paradigm\u2014cardio-renal-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and cardio-renal-metabolic health, which necessarily includes brain health. Elevated systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, smoking, obesity, diabetes, impaired renal function or chronic kidney disease, which all stem from insufficient physical activity, an unhealthy diet with excessive intake of table salt, and air pollution, are the leading causes of overall morbidity and mortality from CKM diseases, especially mortality from CVD. Experts from various fields key to CKM health have written this document with the aim of integrating it as part of the national plan for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases with a focus on CVD, which should become mandatory and be based on the existing guidelines of professional societies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T12:24:51Z","timestamp":1732191891000},"page":"7028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effective Strategies and a Ten-Point Plan for Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Croatia: An Expert Opinion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"\u017deljko","family":"Reiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2546-4632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bojan","family":"Jelakovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davor","family":"Mili\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Buba\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Ministry of Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Balint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialist Family Medicine Practice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0221-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolina","family":"Ba\u0161i\u0107 Juki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerija","family":"Brali\u0107 Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Specialist Family Medicine Practice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vili","family":"Bero\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Brki\u0107 Bilo\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvija","family":"Canecki Var\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, Division of Endocrinology, J. 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Strossmayer University, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krunoslav","family":"Capak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verica","family":"Kralj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ljubas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHC Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4983-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branko","family":"Maloj\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Per\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Rehabilitation of Heart, Lung and Rheumatic Diseases, Thallasotherapia Opatija Special Hospital, 51410 Opatija, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Portolan Paji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2901-0646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Raheli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alen","family":"Ru\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomislav","family":"Sokol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Parliament, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Soldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croatian Chamber of Pharmacist, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4425-6473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Pe\u0107in","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, June 10). 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