{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T18:13:40Z","timestamp":1782756820939,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The current study aimed to characterize the adverse reactions associated with dry needling (DN) treatments reported by Polish physiotherapists, with a secondary objective of investigating whether the level of DN experience influences the occurrence of these adverse effects. Methods: A total of 102 Polish physiotherapists, all with regular DN practice, participated in an ad hoc online survey. The participants were categorized by their level of experience in DN treatment: 44 with 0\u20132 years, 43 with 3\u20136 years, and 15 with more than 7 years of experience. The survey consisted of 27 questions focused on both mild and severe adverse effects resulting from DN treatments. Results: The results showed that in the short term (over the past week), minor bleeding was the most commonly reported mild adverse effect (70%), followed closely by slightly pain during treatment (68%). Slight pain following treatment was also reported by 52% of respondents. No significant relationship was found between experience with dry needling (DN) and the reporting of mild adverse effects, with the exception of tingling (X(2) = 10.958; p = 0.004). In the retrospective analysis of the past month, most respondents reported experiencing bleeding between one and three times (49%), while bruising occurred one to three times in 44% of cases. Similarly, 44% of respondents noted pain after treatment one to three times, and 47% experienced pain during DN at this frequency. A significant interaction with DN experience was observed in the frequency of drowsiness reported over the past month (X(10) = 19.735; p = 0.032). Conclusions: Severe adverse effects were extremely rare in clinical practice: pneumothorax and shock were each reported by 3% of respondents, nerve palsy by 14%, infection by 2%, and hospitalization by 1%. In conclusion, this study suggests that most adverse effects are mild, typically involving bleeding and slight pain during or after treatment. Additionally, DN experience does not appear to be a significant factor influencing the type or prevalence of these adverse effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T12:24:51Z","timestamp":1732191891000},"page":"7032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adverse Reactions to Dry Needling Therapy: Insights from Polish Physiotherapy Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4276-4813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Trybulski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department Wojciech Korfanty Upper Silesian Academy, September Scouts Street 3, 40-659 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Provita \u017bory Medical Center, 44-240 \u017bory, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5685-3139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Ku\u017cd\u017ca\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Kilja\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PAZARE Medical Center Pabianice, Bracka 54, 95-200 Pabianice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4600-6987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Ga\u0142\u0119ziok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provita \u017bory Medical Center, 44-240 \u017bory, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3831-886X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Matuszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provita \u017bory Medical Center, 44-240 \u017bory, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7840-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Kawczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Manuel","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Research & Innovation Center in Sport Physical Activity, and Health, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1179\/108331913X13844245102034","article-title":"Dry Needling: A Literature Review with Implications for Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"19","author":"Dunning","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. 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Manag."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/23\/7032\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:37:02Z","timestamp":1760114222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/23\/7032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13237032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13237032","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]}}}