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Findings from the fourth wave of the ZARADEMP longitudinal study provide further insights into the association between MD and AD risk. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between MD and incident AD, controlling for established risk factors. Methods: The study analyzed 4803 participants, of whom 4057 were followed over a 12-year period as part of the ZARADEMP longitudinal study. Depression was assessed using the GMS-AGECAT, and dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. The association between MD and incident AD was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The incidence of AD was approximately twice as high in participants with MD compared to those without (relative risk = 2.07; 95% CI: 0.85\u20135.03; p = 0.123). This risk was nearly threefold higher in the fully adjusted model. Conclusions: These findings underscore a significant association between MD and an increased risk of AD, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and potential early intervention among individuals diagnosed with MD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T12:24:51Z","timestamp":1732191891000},"page":"7039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Association Between Major Depression and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Risk: Evidence from a 12-Year Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anais","family":"Sevil-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3360-7015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Gracia-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Arag\u00f3n (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Psychiatry Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"de la C\u00e1mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Arag\u00f3n (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Psychiatry Service, Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0335-0404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Gasc\u00f3n-Catal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Arag\u00f3n (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7297-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Santab\u00e1rbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Arag\u00f3n (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12572","article-title":"The relationship between perceived loneliness and depression in the elderly and influencing factors","volume":"57","author":"Isik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspect. 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