{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:49:26Z","timestamp":1789130966278,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Diabetes Association Scientific grant (2017)","award":["179-BS-KK-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["179-BS-KK-2018"]}]},{"name":"Polish Diabetes Association Scientific grant (2017)","award":["185\/BS\/INB\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["185\/BS\/INB\/2018"]}]},{"name":"University of Physical Education in Krakow","award":["179-BS-KK-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["179-BS-KK-2018"]}]},{"name":"University of Physical Education in Krakow","award":["185\/BS\/INB\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["185\/BS\/INB\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity is considered one of the potential causes of vascular complications in diabetic patients. Since training volume may influence MMPs levels in varying ways, the aim of our study was to evaluate changes in MMPs levels following acute maximum-intensity exercise in male patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: This study included 24 male T1DM patients and 10 healthy controls. Aerobic capacity was evaluated with a treadmill test. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were measured both before the aerobic capacity test and 60 min after its completion utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system kits. Results: Before the aerobic capacity test only, MMP-9 serum levels were significantly elevated in the T1DM group compared to the controls. Following maximum-intensity exercise, the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were significantly higher in T1DM patients than in the control group. Between-group comparisons revealed that maximum-intensity exercise induced a statistically significant increase in MMP-2 serum levels from baseline in T1DM patients compared to controls. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high-intensity exercise in T1DM patients leads to dysregulation of MMPs, as manifested by a significant increase in MMP-2 levels. This dysregulation may play a role in the development of vascular complications in diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T09:59:34Z","timestamp":1732528774000},"page":"7077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Acute Maximum-Intensity Exercise on Matrix Metalloproteinase-2, -9, and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Levels in Adult Males with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Insulin Pumps"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-8723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kryst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Basics Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krak\u00f3w, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6938-352X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Matejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology Clinical Department, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1855-1276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Czerwi\u0144ska-Ledwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Basics Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krak\u00f3w, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Tota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krak\u00f3w, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Zuziak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Basics Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krak\u00f3w, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9535-173X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Piotrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Basics Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krak\u00f3w, 31-571 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.04.06.dc05-1433","article-title":"High risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes in the U.K.: A cohort study using the general practice research database","volume":"29","author":"Fuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1162","article-title":"A Contemporary Estimate of Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: The Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study","volume":"39","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0120-4","article-title":"All-cause mortality rates in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with a non-diabetic population from the UK general practice research database, 1992\u20131999","volume":"49","author":"Fuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/000331970505600208","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and diabetic vascular complications","volume":"56","author":"Kadoglou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olejarz, W., \u0141acheta, D., and Kubiak-Tomaszewska, G. 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