{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T06:23:31Z","timestamp":1781936611062,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness around the world. Black individuals are two times more likely to be diagnosed with glaucoma compared to White individuals. In 2019, the prevalence of glaucoma in Monroe County was highest amongst older individuals aged 85 and non-Hispanic Blacks. This study seeks to explore differences in glaucoma treatment rates that may be exacerbating disease severity and prognosis for individuals most acutely affected by glaucoma in Monroe County, NY. Methods: We used data from the Center for Disease Control\u2019s National Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System (VEHSS) to assess the rates of glaucoma treatment for different racial, gender, and age demographic groups in Monroe County, NY. The source data were from individuals enrolled in Medicare who filed a claim. We stratified the data based on the glaucoma treatment type: laser glaucoma surgery, glaucoma drainage devices, other glaucoma surgery, or glaucoma prescription drugs. The main outcome variable was the prevalence rate of various types of glaucoma treatment in Monroe County, NY. The data were analyzed by potential risk covariates such as race\/ethnicity, age, and gender. A descriptive data analysis was performed to assess for demographic trends. Results: The most common form of glaucoma treatment in Monroe County, NY was prescription drug therapy (36.82%), which was predominant across all racial, gender, and age groups. This was followed by laser surgery (3.26%), glaucoma drain (1.47%), and other forms of glaucoma surgery (0.58%). Women displayed a higher incidence of laser surgery, glaucoma drainage, and other glaucoma surgeries (3.58%, 1.77%, and 0.69%, respectively) with a lower incidence of prescription drug usage (36.14%) compared to men. Black non-Hispanic patients had a higher incidence of laser surgery and prescription drug usage (3.39% and 47.20%, respectively), but a lower incidence of glaucoma drainage and other glaucoma surgeries (1% and 0%, respectively) compared to other racial groups. Conclusions: This study elucidates the differences in glaucoma treatment types across different racial, gender, and age groups in Monroe County, NY. The results underscore the disparities in treatment rates for Medicare patients diagnosed with glaucoma in Monroe County. The results justify the need for increased interventions to increase access to a variety of glaucoma treatment options to mitigate disparities in glaucoma outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T07:28:01Z","timestamp":1732778881000},"page":"7225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Racial and Gender Disparities for Glaucoma Treatment Rates in Upstate New York"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3100-9545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Allison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA"},{"name":"Prevention of Blindness from Glaucoma and Age Related Macular Degeneration, 248 36 Jericho Turnpike, Floral Park, NY 10012, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1350-4377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Mehdi","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4432-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changyong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: Where Are We Today?","volume":"15","author":"Allison","year":"2024","journal-title":"EC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. 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