{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:29:24Z","timestamp":1791858564515,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a multifactorial pain syndrome not only characterized by widespread pain as the primary symptom but also accompanied by physical, psychological, and cognitive manifestations. Impairments in conditioned pain modulation (CPM) are common in this population; however, there is significant heterogeneity in the CPM response among women with FMS. The Left\/Right Judgment Task (LRJT) is a validated method for studying motor imagery in chronic pain patients. Previous scientific evidence has not yet thoroughly investigated the relationship between CPM alterations and motor imagery processes in FMS patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CPM and motor imagery. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study. Pain intensity (NPRS), disability (FIQ), mechanical hyperalgesia (PPT), descending pain modulation (CPM), and laterality discrimination (LRJT) were assessed in 30 women diagnosed with FMS. Participants were divided into two groups, responder and non-responder, according to their response to the CPM test. Results: Findings showed that the FMS subgroup of non-responders to CPM, performed worse in motor imagery processes (LRJT). Additionally, older age and higher mechanical hyperalgesia were also associated with poorer functioning of the inhibitory system. Conclusions: Women with FMS who are non-responders to CPM exhibit a reduced ability to perform motor imagery processes. Additionally, the non-responder group shown significant differences, such as older age and greater initial mechanical hyperalgesia compared to the responder group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T11:48:56Z","timestamp":1733226536000},"page":"7339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["How Does Conditioned Pain Modulation Influence Motor Imagery Processes in Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome? A Cross-Sectional Study Secondary Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3914-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Riquelme-Aguado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Consolidado de Bases Anat\u00f3micas, Moleculares y del Desarrollo Humano de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (GAMDES), 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Fisioterapia Oreka CB, 45200 Illescas, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0564-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Di-Bonaventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28008 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28032 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2823-8673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Elena","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28008 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28032 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alazne","family":"Zabarte-Del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisioterapia Oreka CB, 45200 Illescas, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1314-624X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Carnero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28032 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1022-5831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gil-Crujera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Consolidado de Bases Anat\u00f3micas, Moleculares y del Desarrollo Humano de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (GAMDES), 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5426-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"G\u00f3mez-Esquer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Consolidado de Bases Anat\u00f3micas, Moleculares y del Desarrollo Humano de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (GAMDES), 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Pain and Rehabilitation Research Group (NECODOR), Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-7626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Hugo","family":"Villafa\u00f1e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4395","article-title":"Beyond Pain in Fibromyalgia: Insights into the Symptom of Fatigue","volume":"15","author":"Vincent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. 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