{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T17:36:03Z","timestamp":1793900163059,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018812","name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["not able to provide at this moment"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not able to provide at this moment"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The leading cause of blindness due to non-infectious uveitis is cystoid macular edema (CME). Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease (BD) is one of the most commonly conditions related to CME. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness and safety of adalimumab (ADA), infliximab (IFX) and certolizumab (CZP) in refractory CME due to BD. Methods: Multicenter study of BD-CME patients with no response to glucocorticoids (GCs) and at least one conventional immunosuppressive drug. At baseline, all patients presented CME, defined by OCT &gt; 300 \u00b5. The effectiveness of ADA, IFX and CZP was assessed over a 2-year period from baseline using the following ocular parameters: macular thickness (\u00b5m), visual acuity (BCVA), anterior chamber (AC) cells and vitritis. Mixed-effects regression models were applied. Results: a total of 50 patients (75 eyes) were studied (ADA = 25; IFX = 15 and CZP = 10). No significant differences in demographic parameters were found among the three groups. However, individuals in the CZP group had a significantly extended time from diagnosis to treatment onset (72 (36\u2013120) months, p = 0.03) and had received a higher number of biological therapies (1.7 \u00b1 1.1) compared to the ADA and IFX groups. Within the CZP group, ADA and IFX were previously administrated in seven patients. After 2 years of follow-up, a rapid and sustained reduction in macular thickness was noted in all three groups with no significant differences between them. Additionally, enhancements in BCVA, AC cells and vitritis were also observed. No serious adverse events were reported in the CZP group, although one isolated case of bacteremia was documented in the ADA group. ADA, IFX and CZP appear to be effective and safe treatments for refractory CME in BD. CZP seems to remain effective even in patients with an insufficient response to ADA and\/or IFX. Conclusions: ADA, IFX and CZP appear to be effective and safe treatments for refractory CME in BD. CZP seems to remain effective even in patients with an insufficient response to ADA and\/or IFX.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T06:38:25Z","timestamp":1733294305000},"page":"7388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparative Study of Adalimumab, Infliximab and Certolizumab Pegol in the Treatment of Cystoid Macular Edema Due to Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3076-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Barroso-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Hospital Regional Universitario, Universidad de M\u00e1laga (UMA), 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6147-6633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Mart\u00edn-Varillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Hospital de Laredo, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39770 Cantabria, Spain"},{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0197-5267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Ferraz-Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6875-4090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Bilbao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Rheumatology, Ophthalmology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6938-5084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Mart\u00edn-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Rheumatology, Ophthalmology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8923-2200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Ad\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Hernanz-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Beltr\u00e1n-Catal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Hospital del Mar, 39008 Barcelona, 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