{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:55Z","timestamp":1787028655058,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the body posture of kickboxing players. Methods: The study group included people training as kickboxers who actively participated in the training camp of the broad national junior team in the K1 and low-kick kickboxing leagues. The control group consisted of non-training people. The age of the study group ranged from 15 to 23 years. The ages of the control group participants varied from 14 to 20 years. A body posture test was performed by using the Moir\u00e9 method, in accordance with the guidelines of the manufacturer of the Moir\u00e9 4G device. Results: The body posture test performed using the Moir\u00e9 method showed statistically significant differences between the kickboxing training group and the control group. The parameters that showed statistically significant differences included the size of lordosis (KLL) and the depth of lordosis (GLL) in the lumbar spine. Higher values were observed in the kickboxing training group compared to the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the kickboxing group and the control group in other parameters. Conclusions: The asymmetrical and flexed posture required during kickboxing training did not negatively influence the competitors\u2019 spinal curvatures. Kickboxers had increased lumbar lordosis, which may be related to the specificity of the given discipline (stretching of the hamstrings and specific movements). This is a beneficial phenomenon that may reduce the risk of lower back pain. Kickboxing training did not affect the asymmetry of body posture in the sagittal plane.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T11:17:20Z","timestamp":1733829440000},"page":"7504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of the Body Posture of Junior Kickboxers: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"\u0141uniewicz-St\u0119pniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2739-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Truszczy\u0144ska-Baszak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Twarowska-Grybalow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zmy\u015blna, A., \u017burawski, A.\u0141., \u015aliwi\u0144ski, G., \u015aliwi\u0144ski, Z.W., and Kiebzak, W.P. (2021). Assessment of body posture of children with chest pain. Front. Pediatr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.704087"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Wp\u0142yw wysi\u0142ku fizycznego wybranych dyscyplin sportowych na habitualn\u0105 postaw\u0119 cia\u0142a","volume":"6","author":"Mrozowiak","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Educ. Health Sport"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"90","article-title":"Postural Status And Kyphosis In School-Age Children","volume":"5","author":"Bjelica","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Acad. Health Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"368","article-title":"Assessment of body posture in 12- and 13-year-olds attending primary schools in Pabianice","volume":"39","author":"Motylewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pol. Merkur. Lek. Organ. Pol. Tow. Lek."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2478\/bhk-2020-0004","article-title":"Faulty posture: Prevalence and its relationship with Body Mass Index and Physical Activity among female adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Golalizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101043","article-title":"Prevalence of incorrect posture among children and adolescents: Finding from a large population-based study in China","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iscience"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quentin, C., Bagheri, R., Ugbolue, U.C., Coudeyre, E., P\u00e9lissier, C., Descatha, A., Menini, T., Bouillon-Minois, J.-B., and Dutheil, F. (2021). Effect of Home Exercise Training in Patients with Nonspecific Low-Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168430"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plandowska, M., Labecka, M.K., Truszczy\u0144ska-Baszak, A., Rajabi, R., and P\u0142aszewski, M.A. (2024). Randomized Controlled Trial of Active Stretching of the Hamstrings and Core Control for Low Back Pain and Musculoskeletal Discomfort during Prolonged Sitting among Young People. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175048"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"101","article-title":"Influence of Physical Activities on the Posture in 10\u201311 Year Old Schoolchildren","volume":"17","author":"Balko","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Educ. Sport."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Labecka, M.K., Plandowska, M., Truszczy\u0144ska-Baszak, A., Rajabi, R., P\u0142aszewski, M., and R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ska, D. (2024). An Eight-Week Randomized Controlled Trial of Active Mobilization of the Hamstrings for Non-Specific Low Back Pain and Musculoskeletal Discomfort during Prolonged Sitting among Young People: Study Protocol. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144161"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-140490","article-title":"Evaluation of intra-subject difference in hamstring flexibility in patients with low back pain: An exploratory study","volume":"28","author":"Radwan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.03.056","article-title":"How the spine differs in standing and in sitting- important considerations for correction of spinal deformity","volume":"17","author":"Hey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2015.1005297","article-title":"Effects of athletic training on the spinal curvature in child athletes","volume":"23","author":"Betsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Sport. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.2478\/bhk-2020-0026","article-title":"Posture of adolescent volleyball players\u2014A two year study","volume":"12","author":"Grabara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2478\/v10078-011-0038-5","article-title":"Sagittal spinal and pelvic postures of highly-trained young canoeists","volume":"29","author":"Muyor","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.26582\/k.49.1.2","article-title":"Comparison of sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in highly trained athletes from different sport disciplines","volume":"49","author":"Alacid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kinesiology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.02.2014.03","article-title":"The effects of five weeks of kickboxing training on physical fitness","volume":"4","author":"Ouergui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.1585","article-title":"The Effects of an Exercise Program Consisting of Taekwondo Basic Movements on Posture Correction","volume":"26","author":"Sunghak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"40","article-title":"A review of the effects of martial arts practice on health","volume":"108","author":"Woodward","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wis. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2478\/bhk-2023-0009","article-title":"Physical fitness and somatic structure in adolescent taekwondo athletes and untrained peers","volume":"15","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2478\/bhk-2021-0026","article-title":"Quality of life in Brazilian martial arts and combat sports practitioners","volume":"13","author":"Schwartz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"95","article-title":"Study Regarding the Incidence of Physical Deficiencies in Fighting Sports Athletes","volume":"4","author":"Dobrescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Trends Issues Proc. Humanit. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.11.016","article-title":"Kickboxers and crossfitters vertebral column curvatures in sagittal plane: Crossfit practice influence in kickboxers body posture","volume":"25","author":"Domaradzki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruzbarsky, P., Nema, K., Kokinda, M., Rydzik, \u0141., and Ambro\u017cy, T. (2022). Comparison of Selected Characteristics of Slovak and Polish Representatives in Kickboxing. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710507"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rydzik, L., and Ambrozy, T. (2021). The physical fitness and level of technical and tactical training of kickboxers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063088"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0715","article-title":"Weight Loss Strategies in Combat Sports and Concerning Habits in Mixend Martial Arts","volume":"13","author":"Barley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2017.65338","article-title":"Kickboxing review: Anthropometric, psychophysiological and activity profiles and injury epidemiology","volume":"34","author":"Slimani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hay, O., Dar, G., Abbas, J., Stein, D., May, H., Masharawi, Y., Peled, N., and Hershkovitz, I. (2015). The Lumbar Lordosis in Males and Females, Revisited. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133685"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.06.017","article-title":"Moire topography: Characteristics and clinial application","volume":"32","author":"Porto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.29.356","article-title":"Shadow Moire technique for postural assessment: Qualitative assessment protocol by intra- and inter-rater evaluation","volume":"29","author":"Filho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Labecka, M.K., and Plandowska, M. (2021). Moir\u00e9 topography as a screening and diagnostic tool\u2014A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260858"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"426","article-title":"Postural assessment with the moir\u00e9 technique in dialyzed patients","volume":"83","author":"Mularczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Folia Morphol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"116","article-title":"Do posture correction exercises have to be boring? Using unstable surfaces to prevent poor posture in children","volume":"32","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Stud."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322005000100004","article-title":"Postural assessment of girls between 7 and 10 years of age","volume":"60","author":"Penha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"257","article-title":"Body composition and selected anthropometric traits of elite Polish female judokas in relation to the performance of right-dominant, left-dominant or symmetrical judo techniques in vertical posture","volume":"12","author":"Socha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Budo"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/24\/7504\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:51:13Z","timestamp":1760115073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/24\/7504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13247504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13247504","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]}}}