{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:17:24Z","timestamp":1785449844237,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boston Scientific"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Introduction: Cardiac implantable electronic devices and their integrated thoracic impedance sensors have been used to detect sleep apnea for over a decade now. Despite their usage in daily clinical practice, there are only limited data on their diagnostic accuracy. Methods: AIRLESS and UPGRADE were prospective investigator-driven trials meant to validate the AP scan\u00ae (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) in heart failure cohorts. Patients, who either fulfilled the criteria for implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), or upgrading to CRT according to most recent guidelines at the time of study conduction, were eligible for enrolment. Sleep apnea and its severity, measured by apnea\u2013hypopnea index (AHI), were assessed by polysomnography. For direct comparison, the apnea sensor-derived AP scan\u00ae was used from the identical night. Results: Overall, 80 patients were analyzed. Median AHI was 21.6 events\/h (7.1\u201334.7), while median AP scan\u00ae was 33.0 events\/h (26.0\u201343.0). In the overall cohort, the sensor-derived AP scan\u00ae correlated significantly with the AHI (r = 0.61, p &lt; 0.001) with a mean difference (MD) of \u221212.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) \u221238.2 to 13.0). Furthermore, the AP scan\u00ae was found to correlate well with the AHI in patients with obstructive sleep apnea r = 0.73, p = 0.011, MD \u22125.2, 95% CI \u221222.7 to 12.3), but not central sleep apnea (r = 0.28, p = 0.348, MD \u221210.4, 95% CI \u221235.4 to 14.6). Conclusions: In an exclusive heart failure cohort, the AP scan\u00ae correlated well with the PSG-derived AHI. A similar correlation was found in most subgroups except for patients suffering from central sleep apnea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T11:17:20Z","timestamp":1733829440000},"page":"7519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Validation Against Polysomnography of a Transthoracic Impedance Sensor for Screening of Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure Patients: A Pooled Analysis of AIRLESS and UPGRADE"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4456-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, 14513 Teltow, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agne","family":"Adukauskaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5908-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Spitaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5711-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Senoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Tirol Kliniken, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Division for Digital Medicine and Telehealth, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3827-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Neururer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Tirol Kliniken, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Division for Digital Medicine and Telehealth, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy","family":"Jacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, 38043 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Venier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, 38043 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Limon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, 38043 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raoua","family":"Ben Messaoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, 38043 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3832-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"P\u00e9pin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, 38043 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Hintringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0421-2110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Dichtl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Defaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, 38043 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab232","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"24","author":"Glikson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac262","article-title":"2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death","volume":"43","author":"Zeppenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. 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