{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:39:54Z","timestamp":1760146794046,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect on choroidal parameters of drug withdrawal in patients taking \u03b11 adrenergic receptor antagonist (ARA) inhibitors. Methods: In total, 32 eyes of 32 patients under alpha-lytic therapy, and 32 eyes of 32 control subjects, both scheduled for cataract surgery in the fellow eye, were included. EDI-OCT was performed in all patients and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), luminal choroidal area (LCA), stromal choroidal area (SCA), total choroidal area (TCA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) during the preoperative visit were compared with data approximately 1 month after alpha-lytic withdrawal. The same assessments were performed in the control group. Results: SFCT and LCA were significantly reduced in the patients 1 month after alfa-lytic therapy withdrawal (p &lt; 0.05), whereas in the control group, no changes in choroidal parameters were observed. Conclusions: The data proved that \u03b11ARA inhibitors affected choroidal vessels, whereas no modification of choroidal stroma was observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T12:38:56Z","timestamp":1733920736000},"page":"7543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Alpha-Lytic Therapy Withdrawal on Choroidal Parameters in Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome High-Risk Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4474-3020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Gioia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4566-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maddalena","family":"De Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8825-4675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2366-6556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.02.027","article-title":"Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome associated with tamsulosin","volume":"31","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cataract. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.229.3.746","article-title":"Effect of sodium nitrate loading on electrolyte transport by the renal tubule","volume":"229","author":"Kahn","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-013-2260-4","article-title":"Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) in patients receiving tamsulosin or doxazosin\u2014A UK-based comparison of incidence and complication rates","volume":"251","author":"Haridas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1199-6900","article-title":"Intraoperative Floppy-Iris Syndrome After One Day of Tamsulosin Therapy","volume":"53","author":"Taben","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aktuelle Urol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.95","article-title":"Should we anticipate intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) even with very short history of tamsulosin?","volume":"23","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.971935","article-title":"The Effect of Systemic Tamsulosin Hydrochloride on Choroidal Thickness Measured by Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"40","author":"Sari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2017.1359306","article-title":"The Effects of Systemic Alfuzosin and Tamsulosin Hydrochloride on Choroidal Thickness and Pupil Diameter Sizes in Cases with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"42","author":"Dogan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-006-0034-9","article-title":"In vivo studies on the effects of \u03b11-adrenoceptor antagonists on pupil diameter and urethral tone in rabbits","volume":"372","author":"Michel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.06.040","article-title":"\u03b11-Adrenergic Antagonists and Floppy Iris Syndrome: Tip of the Iceberg?","volume":"112","author":"Schwinn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"493","article-title":"Search for herpetic antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid in senile dementia and mental retardation","volume":"19","author":"Wiedermann","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01503.x","article-title":"Unilateral chemosis, acute onset myopia and choroidal detachment following the use of tamsulosin","volume":"88","author":"Kerimoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.09.032","article-title":"Choroidal Detachment Following the Use of Tamsulosin (Flomax)","volume":"143","author":"Shapiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04907-1","article-title":"Choroidal evaluation in patients under alpha-lytic therapy","volume":"258","author":"Altieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182923477","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in healthy children","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182a487a4","article-title":"Choroidal thickness measurement in children using optical coherence tomography","volume":"34","author":"Schwartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001168","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in healthy chinese children aged 6 to 12: The Shanghai Children Eye Study","volume":"37","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4103\/jovr.jovr_148_16","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in healthy subjects","volume":"13","author":"Entezari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmic Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-014-9962-4","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in relation to sex, age, refractive error, and axial length in healthy Turkish subjects","volume":"35","author":"Tuncer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1428995","article-title":"Sex-Dependent Choroidal Thickness Differences in Healthy Adults: A Study Based on Original and Synthesized Data","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.032","article-title":"Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"146","author":"Spaide","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8782","article-title":"Diurnal Variation of Choroidal Thickness in Normal, Healthy Subjects Measured by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"53","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003257","article-title":"Correspondence","volume":"41","author":"Gioia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95812-y","article-title":"Choroidal structural evaluation in celiac disease","volume":"11","author":"Vitiello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003188","article-title":"Correspondence","volume":"41","author":"Gioia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.01.013","article-title":"Comment on: Evolution of Dome-Shaped Macula Is due to Differential Elongation of the Eye Predominant in the Peri-dome Region","volume":"226","author":"Gioia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.11.025","article-title":"Comment on: Choroidal Structural Analysis in Alzheimer Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Cognitively Healthy Controls","volume":"225","author":"Gioia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S279039","article-title":"Choroidal Thickness and microRNA146 in Lupus Nephritis Patients [Letter]","volume":"14","author":"Capasso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Bernardo, M., Salerno, G., Gioia, M., Capasso, L., Russillo, M.C., Picillo, M., Erro, R., Amboni, M., Barone, P., and Rosa, N. (2021). Intraocular pressure and choroidal thickness postural changes in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88250-3"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003020","article-title":"Correspondence","volume":"41","author":"Gioia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.03.005","article-title":"Luminal and Stromal Areas of Choroid Determined by Binarization Method of Optical Coherence Tomographic Images","volume":"159","author":"Sonoda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, R., Gupta, P., Tan, K.-A., Cheung, C.M.G., Wong, T.-Y., and Cheng, C.-Y. (2016). Choroidal vascularity index as a measure of vascular status of the choroid: Measurements in healthy eyes from a population-based study. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21090"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, R., Salman, M., Tan, K.A., Karampelas, M., Sim, D.A., Keane, P.A., and Pavesio, C. (2016). Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI)\u2014A Novel Optical Coherence Tomography Parameter for Monitoring Patients with Panuveitis?. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146344"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karaca, U., Kaya, E., Ayyildiz, O., Ozge, G., Kucukevcilioglu, M., Usta, G., and Mutlu, F.M. (2021). Evaluation of static and dynamic Pupillometry changes in men using Silodosin for benign prostatic hypertrophy. BMC Ophthalmol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-01894-7"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-05060-5","article-title":"Preoperative ocular characteristics predicting the development of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome regardless of alpha-antagonist exposure status","volume":"259","author":"Safir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2021.07.09","article-title":"Predictive value of pupillography on intraoperative floppy iris syndrome in preoperative period","volume":"14","author":"Vural","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.02.030","article-title":"Pharmacologic pupil dilation as a predictive test for the risk for intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Casuccio","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cataract. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000322","article-title":"Floppy iris syndrome and cataract surgery","volume":"28","author":"Enright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.10.031","article-title":"Effect of tamsulosin on iris vasculature and morphology","volume":"40","author":"Shtein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cataract. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.01.022","article-title":"The Effect of \u03b11-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist Tamsulosin (Flomax) on Iris Dilator Smooth Muscle Anatomy","volume":"117","author":"Santaella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosa, N., Gioia, M., Orlando, R., De Luca, M., D\u2019Aniello, E., Fioretto, I., Sannino, C., and De Bernardo, M. (2024). Impact of Brightness on Choroidal Vascularity Index. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13041020"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/24\/7543\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:52:23Z","timestamp":1760115143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/24\/7543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13247543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13247543","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]}}}