{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T08:28:10Z","timestamp":1771489690772,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Patients with rheumatic immune-mediated diseases (rheumatic-IMID) and latent tuberculosis (LTBI) are at an increased risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB); therefore, screening is recommended before starting biological treatment. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to assess the prevalence of LTBI, (ii) to determine the importance of using a booster test in TST-negative patients, (iii) to compare the tuberculin skin test (TST) with the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), (iv) to perform a review of the prevalence of LTBI. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital study was performed, including patients diagnosed with rheumatic-IMID who underwent a TST and\/or IGRA during the period 2016\u20132020. If the first TST was negative, a new TST (booster) was performed. Results: A total of 1117 patients were included. The overall prevalence of LTBI was estimated to be 31.7% (95% confidence interval, 29.74\u201333.66). The LTBI prevalence ranged from 38.5% for vasculitis to 14% for sarcoidosis. The booster test was positive in 22.9% of 817 patients with a negative or indeterminate IGRA. The IGRA was positive in 3.8% of 793 patients with a negative booster.The adjusted Cohen\u2019s kappa coefficient between TST (+booster) and IGRA was 0.62. Conclusions: LTBI is frequent in patients with rheumatic-IMID. IGRA and TST (+booster) show a moderate, fair grade of agreement. Therefore, performing both tests before biological therapy should be highly recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T12:38:56Z","timestamp":1733920736000},"page":"7546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epidemiology of Latent Tuberculosis in Rheumatic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases\u2014Study of 1117 Patients and Descriptive Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Joy Selene","family":"Osorio-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Avda. Valdecilla s\/n., 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2137-3255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Avda. Valdecilla s\/n., 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4840-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Reguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Avda. Valdecilla s\/n., 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Portilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Avda. Valdecilla s\/n., 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3682-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Cifri\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Avda. Valdecilla s\/n., 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7748-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santos","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0197-5267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Ferraz-Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2344-2285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Avda. Valdecilla s\/n., 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2020.11.016","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on Tuberculosis Control","volume":"57","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Bronconeumol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(11)70011-8","article-title":"Present epidemiology of tuberculosis. Prevention and control programs","volume":"29","author":"Orcau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirzazadeh, A., Kahn, J.G., Haddad, M.B., Hill, A.N., Marks, S.M., Readhead, A., Barry, P.M., Flood, J., Mermin, J.H., and Shete, P.B. (2021). 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