{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:06:44Z","timestamp":1791166004116,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ethanol sclerotherapy (EST) has gained attention as a minimally invasive treatment option for ovarian endometriomas, particularly in infertile women with endometrioma undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Endometriomas are associated with decreased ovarian reserve and impaired fertility outcomes, and traditional surgical approaches, such as cystectomy, often lead to further reductions in ovarian reserve. Ethanol sclerotherapy offers a potential alternative that preserves ovarian function while effectively managing endometriomas. This review examines the safety, efficacy, and impact of EST on ovarian reserve, IVF outcomes, and recurrence rates. Comparative studies suggest that pregnancy rates following EST are similar to or better than those after cystectomy, with the added benefit of more oocytes retrieved, which may lead to higher cumulative live birth rates. Despite these promising results, challenges such as recurrence and complications, particularly with prolonged ethanol exposure, remain. The use of transvaginal versus laparoscopic approaches and optimal ethanol exposure protocols are areas of ongoing research. The need for further large-scale, prospective studies is highlighted to refine the EST protocol and better understand the long-term outcomes. Sclerotherapy presents a feasible option for preserving fertility in women with endometriomas, with positive implications for IVF success and ovarian reserve preservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T12:38:56Z","timestamp":1733920736000},"page":"7548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ethanol Sclerotherapy for Endometriomas in Infertile Women: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0815-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yavuz Emre","family":"\u015e\u00fck\u00fcr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Center, School of Medicine, Ankara University, 06620 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0785-0919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Batuhan","family":"Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Center, School of Medicine, Ankara University, 06620 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health Science, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Health Science University, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women\u2019s Health and Research Hospital, 06010 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0941-2314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bulut","family":"Varl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Center, School of Medicine, Ankara University, 06620 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"\u00d6zcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Bezmialem University, 34093 \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0044-9214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelos","family":"Daniilidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8053-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios Rafail","family":"Kalaitzopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, District Hospital of Schaffhausen, 8208 Schaffhausen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(02)00260-1","article-title":"Endometriosis: The pathophysiology as an estrogen-dependent disease","volume":"83","author":"Kitawaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Fritz, M.A., and Speroff, L. (2012). Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.04.056","article-title":"High prevalence of endometriosis in infertile women with normal ovulation and normospermic partners","volume":"92","author":"Meuleman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(05)70302-8","article-title":"Epidemiology of endometriosis","volume":"24","author":"Eskenazi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.093","article-title":"Pathogenic mechanisms in endometriosis-associated infertility","volume":"90","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60138-1","article-title":"IVF outcome in women with endometriosis in relation to tumour necrosis factor and anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone","volume":"18","author":"Falconer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2019.1632088","article-title":"Oocyte quality in women with infertility associated endometriosis","volume":"35","author":"Orazov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.01.022","article-title":"The eutopic endometrium in endometriosis: Are the changes of clinical significance?","volume":"24","author":"Brosens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.02.018","article-title":"Local and systemic factors and implantation: What is the evidence?","volume":"105","author":"Fox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Gargiulo, A.R. (2017). Yen & Jaffe\u2019s Reproductive Endocrinology: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management, Elsevier Health Sciences."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.12.049","article-title":"Enhanced follicular recruitment and atresia in cortex derived from ovaries with endometriomas","volume":"101","author":"Kitajima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy049","article-title":"Impact of unilateral versus bilateral ovarian endometriotic cystectomy on ovarian reserve: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Younis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.10.021","article-title":"Reference range for the antim\u00fcllerian hormone Generation II assay: A population study of 10,984 women, with comparison to the established Diagnostics Systems Laboratory nomogram","volume":"101","author":"Nelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.03.015","article-title":"Endometrioma-related reduction in ovarian reserve (ERROR): A prospective longitudinal study","volume":"110","author":"Kasapoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gayete-Lafuente, S., Vil\u00e0 Famada, A., Albayrak, N., Espin\u00f3s G\u00f3mez, J.J., Checa Vizca\u00edno, M., and Moreno-Sepulveda, J. (2024). Indirect markers of oocyte quality in patients with ovarian endometriosis undergoing IVF\/ICSI: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod. Biomed. Online, 49.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2024.104075"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2354249","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.54249","article-title":"Live Birth After Oocyte Donation In Vitro Fertilization Cycles in Women With Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Paffoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"187","article-title":"Ultrasonically guided puncture of endometrial cysts--aspiration of contents and infusion of ethanol","volume":"40","author":"Akamatsu","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.01.031","article-title":"Sclerotherapy with 5% tetracycline is a simple alternative to potentially complex surgical treatment of ovarian endometriomas before in vitro fertilization","volume":"82","author":"Fisch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(95)02443-G","article-title":"Aspiration and tetracycline sclerotherapy for management of simple ovarian cysts","volume":"50","author":"AbdRabbo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01204365","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent chocolate cysts by transvaginal aspiration and tetracycline sclerotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Aboulghar","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.01.015","article-title":"In situ methotrexate injection for treatment of recurrent endometriotic cysts","volume":"130","author":"Agostini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mefs.2011.07.002","article-title":"The impact of in situ methotrexate injection after transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of ovarian endometriomas on ovarian response and reproductive outcomes during IVF-cycles","volume":"17","author":"Shawki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Middle East. Fertil. Soc. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fei, D., Li, Y., and Sui, G. (2018). Clinical study of ultrasound-guided puncture lauromacrogol sclerosis in the treatment of ovarian endometriosis cyst. AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5075662"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(97)00122-7","article-title":"Sclerotherapy--an adjuvant therapy to endometriosis","volume":"59","author":"Chang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.270","article-title":"Laparoscopic findings after ultrasound-guided transvaginal ethanol sclerotherapy for ovarian endometrial cyst","volume":"14","author":"Okagaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1267848","article-title":"Pharmacology of Sclerotherapy","volume":"27","author":"Albanese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2023.100224","article-title":"Investigating the efficacy of ultrasound-guided ethanol retention technique for endometrioma sclerotherapy and its effect on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels: A single-arm clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Ghasemzadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.08.1422","article-title":"Transvaginal ethanol sclerotherapy for an endometrioma in 10 steps","volume":"115","author":"Miquel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.01.036","article-title":"Laparoscopic sclerotherapy for an endometrioma in 10 steps","volume":"117","author":"Crestani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60055-7","article-title":"Ethanol sclerotherapy: A treatment option for ovarian endometriomas before ovarian stimulation","volume":"19","author":"Yazbeck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2014.57.4.297","article-title":"Surgical resection or aspiration with ethanol sclerotherapy of endometrioma before in vitro fertilization in infertilie women with endometrioma","volume":"57","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12386","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technique outcomes in patients with endometrioma undergoing sclerotherapy vs laparoscopic cystectomy: Prospective cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Alborzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-606X.22.04977-6","article-title":"Laparoscopic stripping versus endometrioma ethanol sclerotherapy in women with endometrioma awaiting IVF: A long-term analysis of ovarian reserve and pregnancy outcome","volume":"74","author":"Antonaci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Minerva Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"179","article-title":"Assessing the efficacy of aspiration and ethanol injection in recurrent endometrioma before IVF cycle: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Aflatoonian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miquel, L., Preaubert, L., Gnisci, A., Resseguier, N., Pivano, A., Perrin, J., and Courbiere, B. (2020). Endometrioma ethanol sclerotherapy could increase IVF live birth rate in women with moderate-severe endometriosis. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239846"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2024.102835","article-title":"Ethanol sclerotherapy of endometriomas prior to IVF\/ICSI improves progressive pregnancy and live birth rate","volume":"53","author":"Rabattu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Obstet. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000066293","article-title":"Pretreatment for ovarian endometrial cyst before in vitro fertilization","volume":"54","author":"Suganuma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Investig."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrozza, J. (2018). Transvaginal ethanol sclerosis versus saline aspiration of endometriomas prior to IVF: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet. Gynecol. Int. J.","DOI":"10.15406\/ogij.2018.09.00293"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.05.015","article-title":"Sclerotherapy in the management of ovarian endometrioma: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08270-5","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy for the treatment of ovarian endometrioma: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronsini, C., Iavarone, I., Braca, E., Vastarella, M.G., De Franciscis, P., and Torella, M. (2023). The Efficiency of Sclerotherapy for the Management of Endometrioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Fertility Outcomes. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59091643"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-024-03694-0","article-title":"Ethanol Sclerotherapy in the Management of Ovarian Endometrioma: Technical Considerations for Catheter- and Needle-Directed Sclerotherapy","volume":"47","author":"Azizova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(00)00307-6","article-title":"Efficacy of ethanol sclerotherapy for ovarian endometriomas","volume":"72","author":"Noma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-005-0079-2","article-title":"Management of transvaginal ultrasound-guided absolute ethanol sclerotherapy for ovarian endometriotic cysts","volume":"33","author":"Ikuta","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2019.09.792","article-title":"Laparoscopic Ethanol Sclerotherapy for Ovarian Endometriomas: Preliminary Results","volume":"27","author":"Carfagna","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.01.027","article-title":"Comparing the effects of alcohol sclerotherapy with those of surgery on anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone and ovarian reserve after endometrioma treatment. A prospective multicenter pilot cohort study","volume":"259","author":"Candas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den379","article-title":"Surgery for endometriosis-associated infertility: A pragmatic approach","volume":"24","author":"Vercellini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2010.04.026","article-title":"Endometriosis-associated infertility: Surgery and IVF, a comprehensive therapeutic approach","volume":"21","author":"Barri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"401","article-title":"The size, number and bilaterality of endometriomas do not affect spontaneous conception chance following surgical removal","volume":"27","author":"Berker","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBRA Assist. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2019.08.036","article-title":"Ethanol sclerotherapy versus laparoscopic surgery for endometrioma treatment: A prospective, multicenter, cohort pilot study","volume":"27","author":"Candas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07111-1","article-title":"Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy and ovarian reserve between catheter-directed sclerotherapy and surgical excision for ovarian endometrioma","volume":"31","author":"Koo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"e55","article-title":"Ethanol Sclerotherapy versus Laparoscopic Surgery in Management of Ovarian Endometrioma; a Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"10","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-023-01840-1","article-title":"Efficacy of Ethanol Sclerotherapy Versus Laparoscopic Excision in the Treatment of Ovarian Endometrioma","volume":"74","author":"Mohtashami","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. India"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koike, T., Minakami, H., Motoyama, M., Ogawa, S., Fujiwara, H., and Sato, I. (2002). Reproductive performance after ultrasound-guided transvaginal ethanol sclerotherapy for ovarian endometriotic cysts. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 105.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00144-6"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.03.056","article-title":"Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided aspiration and sclerotherapy with 95% ethanol for treatment of recurrent ovarian endometriomas","volume":"91","author":"Hsieh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-010-0586-0","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided aspiration and ethanol sclerotherapy for treating endometrial cysts","volume":"115","author":"Gatta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.02.004","article-title":"Ethanol sclerotherapy of ovarian endometrioma: A safe and effective minimal invasive procedure. Preliminary results","volume":"187","author":"Castellarnau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018180606","article-title":"Catheter-directed Sclerotherapy for Ovarian Endometrioma: Short-term Outcomes","volume":"289","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"935","article-title":"Aspiration versus retention ultrasound-guided ethanol sclerotherapy for treating endometrioma: A retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Aflatoonian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2021.08.018","article-title":"Therapeutic Efficacy of Catheter-directed Ethanol Sclerotherapy and Its Impact on Ovarian Reserve in Patients with Ovarian Endometrioma at Risk of Decreased Ovarian Reserve: A Preliminary Study","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2022.10.001","article-title":"Impact of Laparoscopic Sclerotherapy for Ovarian Endometriomas on Ovarian Reserve","volume":"30","author":"Crestani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"5575","article-title":"Ovarian reserve after treatment of ovarian endometriomas by ethanolic sclerotherapy compared to surgical treatment","volume":"27","author":"Vaduva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-024-03700-5","article-title":"Safety and Clinical Outcomes of Two-Session Catheter-Directed Sclerotherapy Using Ethanol for Endometrioma","volume":"47","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae014","article-title":"Ethanol endometrioma sclerotherapy: Safety through 8 years of experience","volume":"39","author":"Miquel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Human. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frankowska, K., Dymanowska-Dyjak, I., Abramiuk, M., and Polak, G. (2024). The Efficacy and Safety of Transvaginal Ethanol Sclerotherapy in the Treatment of Endometrial Cysts\u2014A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021337"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3298","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-10320-z","article-title":"Effect of catheter-directed ethanol sclerotherapy on ovarian reserve in patients with recurrent endometrioma: Comparative analysis with primary endometriosis","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2021.03.021","article-title":"Changes in anti-m\u00fcllerian hormone after ultrasound guided aspiration and ethanol sclerotic therapy of ovarian cyst","volume":"60","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Taiwan. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Istrate-Ofi\u0163eru, A.M., Mogoant\u0103, C.A., Zoril\u0103, G.L., Ro\u015fu, G.C., Dr\u0103gu\u015fin, R.C., Berbecaru, E.I., Zoril\u0103, M.V., Com\u0103nescu, C.M., Mogoant\u0103, S., and Vaduva, C.C. (2024). Clinical Characteristics and Local Histopathological Modulators of Endometriosis and Its Progression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031789"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2010). Practice bulletin no. 114: Management of endometriosis. Obstet. Gynecol., 116, 223\u2013236.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e8b073"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/24\/7548\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:52:31Z","timestamp":1760115151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/24\/7548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13247548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13247548","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]}}}