{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:39:18Z","timestamp":1791200358336,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eklund Foundation","award":["1671982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1671982"]}]},{"name":"Eklund Foundation","award":["LSHM21064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSHM21064"]}]},{"name":"Health-Holland.nl, div. Life Sciences &amp; Health","award":["1671982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1671982"]}]},{"name":"Health-Holland.nl, div. Life Sciences &amp; Health","award":["LSHM21064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSHM21064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To investigate the effect of vitamin C supplementation with or without flavonoids on periodontal conditions, and microbial and systemic variables before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Materials and Methods: A case series derived from a randomized controlled trial was conducted to explore the effects of daily vitamin C supplementation, with or without flavonoids, on periodontal conditions. The study population was recruited from patients with periodontitis who had been referred to the Department of Periodontology at the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA). The study consisted of a 2-month observation of untreated periodontitis followed by a 3-month period after NSPT. Descriptive statistics, correlation and clustering analyses, and dimensionality reduction methods were used to evaluate the interventions\u2019 impact. Results: Due to COVID-19, the study was prematurely terminated and reported findings from 13 patients. Results indicate a correlation between higher plasma vitamin C levels and reduced gingival inflammation, suggesting benefits for untreated periodontal conditions. Clustering analysis showed no differences based on supplementation type, indicating it did not affect outcomes, and microbiological data had limited effects. Principal Component Analysis visualized clusters and illustrated no distinct groups corresponding to supplementation types. Violin plots highlighted variability, with one cluster comprising individuals with more severe periodontal conditions. Conclusions: Higher plasma vitamin C levels were associated with lower gingival inflammation. However, daily vitamin C supplementation, with or without flavonoids, did not show additional benefits on periodontal conditions before or after treatment. Clustering suggests that periodontal severity, rather than supplementation, influenced patient profiles. The study\u2019s small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T10:53:27Z","timestamp":1734000807000},"page":"7571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Daily Vitamin C Supplementation with or Without Flavonoids on Periodontal, Microbial, and Systemic Conditions Before and After Periodontal Therapy: A Case Series from an RCT"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3491-398X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thijs M. H.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5455-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Stamatelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6708-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanning A. M.","family":"Rosema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1903-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ineke D. C.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1155-1989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd W.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1226-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Angelakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Digital Health and Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Data Science Center, University of Amsterdam, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8794-552X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno G.","family":"Loos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ubele","family":"van der Velden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique M.","family":"Danser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Te Velde, A.A., Bezema, T., van Kampen, A.H., Kraneveld, A.D., t Hart, B.A., van Middendorp, H., Hack, E.C., van Montfrans, J.M., Belzer, C., and Jans-Beken, L. (2016). Embracing Complexity beyond Systems Medicine: A New Approach to Chronic Immune Disorders. Front. Immunol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00587"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12685","article-title":"Interaction of lifestyle, behaviour or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: Consensus report of group 2 of the joint EFP\/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases","volume":"44","author":"Chapple","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2012.01927.x","article-title":"Vitamin C in plasma and leucocytes in relation to periodontitis","volume":"39","author":"Kuzmanova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12253","article-title":"SLC23A1 polymorphism rs6596473 in the vitamin C transporter SVCT1 is associated with aggressive periodontitis","volume":"41","author":"Jochens","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x","article-title":"Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals","volume":"274","author":"Linster","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12940","article-title":"Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"45","author":"Chapple","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.16-0642","article-title":"Acute periodontal lesions (periodontal abscesses and necrotizing periodontal diseases) and endo-periodontal lesions","volume":"89","author":"Herrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazmierczak-Baranska, J., Boguszewska, K., Adamus-Grabicka, A., and Karwowski, B.T. (2020). Two Faces of Vitamin C-Antioxidative and Pro-Oxidative Agent. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051501"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3945\/an.110.000109","article-title":"Vitamin C: A concentration-function approach yields pharmacology and therapeutic discoveries","volume":"2","author":"Levine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liugan, M., and Carr, A.C. (2019). Vitamin C and Neutrophil Function: Findings from Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092102"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozonet, S.M., and Carr, A.C. (2019). The Role of Physiological Vitamin C Concentrations on Key Functions of Neutrophils Isolated from Healthy Individuals. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061363"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12381","article-title":"Java project on periodontal diseases: Periodontal bone loss in relation to environmental and systemic conditions","volume":"42","author":"Amaliya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"115","article-title":"Vitamin C and Its Role in Periodontal Diseases\u2014The Past and the Present: A Narrative Review","volume":"18","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral. Health Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0148","article-title":"The effect of twice daily kiwifruit consumption on periodontal and systemic conditions before and after treatment: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"89","author":"Graziani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"USDA (2024, December 06). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central, Available online: https:\/\/fdc.nal.usda.gov\/."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"USDA (2023, January 01). USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, Available online: https:\/\/data.nal.usda.gov\/system\/files\/Flav3.2.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"637","article-title":"The effect of quercetin supplementation on selected markers of inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"17","author":"Askari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.292S","article-title":"Polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: Effects on endothelial and platelet function","volume":"81","author":"Vita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12351","article-title":"Behaviour change counselling for tobacco use cessation and promotion of healthy lifestyles: A systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Ramseier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Douglas, G.L., DeKerlegand, D., Dlouhy, H., Dumont-Leblond, N., Fields, E., Heer, M., Krieger, S., Mehta, S., Rooney, B.V., and Torralba, M.G. (2022). Impact of diet on human nutrition, immune response, gut microbiome, and cognition in an isolated and confined mission environment. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21927-5"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665123002999","article-title":"Role of fruit and vegetables in sustaining healthy cognitive function: Evidence and issues","volume":"82","author":"Docherty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2015.05.007","article-title":"The impact of antioxidant agents complimentary to periodontal therapy on oxidative stress and periodontal outcomes: A systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Muniz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martiniakova, M., Babikova, M., Mondockova, V., Blahova, J., Kovacova, V., and Omelka, R. (2022). The Role of Macronutrients, Micronutrients and Flavonoid Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030523"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"5358","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of quercetin on oral infectious pathogens","volume":"5","author":"Shu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3014","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of quercetin on periodontal pathogens in vitro","volume":"24","author":"Geoghegan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4812613","article-title":"Grapefruit consumption improves vitamin C status in periodontitis patients","volume":"199","author":"Staudte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12946","article-title":"Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"45","author":"Papapanou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01249.x","article-title":"Periodontal inflamed surface area: Quantifying inflammatory burden","volume":"35","author":"Nesse","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519889015","article-title":"Maturation of the Oral Microbiome in Caries-Free Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"99","author":"Kahharova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"525","article-title":"A comparison of document clustering techniques","volume":"400","author":"Steinbach","year":"2000","journal-title":"KDD Workshop Text Min."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coates, A., and Ng, A.Y. (2012). Learning Feature Representations with K-means. Neural Networks: Tricks of the Trade, Springer. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35289-8_30"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.11.139","article-title":"K-means clustering algorithms: A comprehensive review, variants analysis, and advances in the era of big data","volume":"622","author":"Ikotun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Shlens, J. (2023, January 01). A Tutorial on Principal Component Analysis. Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, and Institute for Nonlinear Science. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 2005. Available online: https:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~elaw\/papers\/pca.pdf."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"20150202","article-title":"Principal component analysis: A review and recent developments","volume":"374","author":"Jolliffe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.10.118","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on support vector machine classification: Applications, challenges and trends","volume":"408","author":"Cervantes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.04.041","article-title":"Satiety effects of psyllium in healthy volunteers","volume":"105","author":"Brum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00643.x","article-title":"Serum vitamin C-periodontal relationship in community-dwelling elderly Japanese","volume":"32","author":"Amarasena","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"255","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients with periodontitis","volume":"10","author":"Panjamurthy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.3.657","article-title":"The prevalence of inflammatory periodontitis is negatively associated with serum antioxidant concentrations","volume":"137","author":"Chapple","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12578","article-title":"Local disinfection with sodium hypochlorite as adjunct to basic periodontal therapy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Bizzarro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.8.1215","article-title":"Dietary vitamin C and the risk for periodontal disease","volume":"71","author":"Nishida","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munday, M.R., Rodricks, R., Fitzpatrick, M., Flood, V.M., and Gunton, J.E. (2020). A Pilot Study Examining Vitamin C Levels in Periodontal Patients. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082255"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01053.x","article-title":"Java project on periodontal diseases: The relationship between vitamin C and the severity of periodontitis","volume":"34","author":"Amaliya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"51","article-title":"Periodontal health related to plasma ascorbic acid","volume":"89","author":"Vaananen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Finn. Dent. Soc."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"907","article-title":"Comparison of nutrient intake between patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects","volume":"43","author":"Staudte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.06.018","article-title":"Acute, quercetin-induced reductions in blood pressure in hypertensive individuals are not secondary to lower plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or endothelin-1: Nitric oxide","volume":"32","author":"Larson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9424","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M706571200","article-title":"Macrophage as a target of quercetin glucuronides in human atherosclerotic arteries: Implication in the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of dietary flavonoids","volume":"283","author":"Kawai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.9.2243","article-title":"Dietary intakes of flavonols, flavones and isoflavones by Japanese women and the inverse correlation between quercetin intake and plasma LDL cholesterol concentration","volume":"130","author":"Arai","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dludla, P.V., Nkambule, B.B., Nyambuya, T.M., Ziqubu, K., Mabhida, S.E., Mxinwa, V., Mokgalaboni, K., Ndevahoma, F., Hanser, S., and Mazibuko-Mbeje, S.E. (2022). Vitamin C intake potentially lowers total cholesterol to improve endothelial function in diabetic patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1011002"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.003","article-title":"Vitamin C supplementation for diabetes management: A comprehensive narrative review","volume":"194","author":"Mason","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520150203","article-title":"Ideal vitamin C intake","volume":"15","author":"Levine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biofactors"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/24\/7571\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:53:50Z","timestamp":1760115230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/13\/24\/7571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm13247571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13247571","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]}}}