{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:12:45Z","timestamp":1791486765508,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a critical condition with high mortality rates despite advances in treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of urinary output at various time intervals during CS and its effectiveness as a predictor of 30-day mortality, particularly in comparison to the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 96 patients diagnosed with CS, assessing urinary output at different intervals (0\u20136 h, 6\u201312 h, 12\u201324 h, and 0\u201324 h) as potential predictors of 30-day mortality. SAPS 3 was calculated for all patients, and its predictive value was compared to that of urinary output using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Additional analyses included ROC curve assessment and Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis. Results: Urinary output at 6\u201312 h was significantly associated with 30-day mortality in univariate analysis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for urinary output at 0\u20136 h, 6\u201312 h, and 12\u201324 h was 0.61 (p = 0.07), 0.63 (p = 0.04), and 0.61 (p = 0.08), respectively. These AUROCs did not differ significantly between the three urinary output parameters. Regarding the cumulative urinary output of 0\u201324 h, the most pronounced impact was observed in patients producing less than 0.5 mL\/kg\/h. In multivariate analysis, when combined with SAPS 3, the predictive power of urinary output diminished. SAPS 3 alone demonstrated significant predictive value with an AUROC of 0.77 (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: While early urinary output is a valuable predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with CS, its prognostic strength is limited when considered alongside comprehensive risk assessments like SAPS 3. These findings suggest that a multifaceted approach, incorporating both early and comprehensive indicators, is essential for accurately predicting outcomes in CS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T08:17:00Z","timestamp":1734423420000},"page":"7706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Urinary Output as a Predictor of Mortality in Cardiogenic Shock: An Explorative Retrospective Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Markart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6103-7884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Chiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gottfried","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7267-3138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter S.","family":"Speidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3539-994X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8284-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Hengstenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schellongowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Staudinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8226-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Zilberszac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.045409","article-title":"Altered Hemodynamics and End-Organ Damage in Heart Failure: Impact on the Lung and Kidney","volume":"142","author":"Verbrugge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.06.070","article-title":"Contemporary Management of Severe Acute Kidney Injury and Refractory Cardiorenal Syndrome: JACC Council Perspectives","volume":"76","author":"Jentzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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