{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:33:07Z","timestamp":1791232387158,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Early studies have suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has a deleterious effect on bone mineral density and may increase the risk of pathological fractures. This study characterized vertebral compression fractures in patients with and without a prior diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods: Using a nationwide claims database, this retrospective study used ICD-10 billing codes to identify patients with a diagnosis of vertebral compression fracture from January 2020 to April 2022. Two cohorts were created based on whether the patients had a concurrent diagnosis of COVID-19. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and outcome measures were characterized by descriptive analysis. Results: In total, 413,425 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among them, a total of 23,148 patients (5.60%) had a diagnosis of COVID-19 at the time of their compression fracture. Among the COVID-19 patients, the incidences of vertebral compression fracture were 0.42% in 2020 and 0.33% in 2021, in comparison to the historical average yearly incidence of 0.17% across all patients. The patients with COVID-19 at the time of compression fracture diagnosis had a higher rate of vitamin D deficiency (OR: 1.25) and a lower rate of routine healing (OR: 0.61). The patients without COVID-19 were more likely to be osteoporotic (OR: 0.88), experience additional compression fractures (OR: 0.38), and have kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty (OR: 0.73). Conclusions: Despite lower rates of osteoporosis, patients with a concomitant COVID-19 diagnosis exhibited a higher incidence of compression fractures. Although more research is needed, these results support increasing bone health surveillance in patients with a history of COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T10:58:55Z","timestamp":1734951535000},"page":"7830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Incidence and Outcomes of Vertebral Compression Fracture Among Patients Infected with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5065-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariah","family":"Balmaceno-Criss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8895-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail M.","family":"Fruge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick A.","family":"Massey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9597-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan H.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1799-8703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2006.03.001","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in lung diseases","volume":"6","author":"Kuba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. 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