{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:24:18Z","timestamp":1792805058733,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation of Scientific Research Committee of the Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey","award":["2022-47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-47"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037jwzz50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Sinus lifting, a procedure to augment bone in the maxilla, may cause complications such as sinusitis due to impaired drainage. This study aimed to assess how sinus lifting impacts airflow in the sinus cavity, which is essential for patients undergoing dental implants. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this research analyzed airflow changes after sinus floor elevation, offering insights into the aerodynamic consequences of the procedure. Methods: Digital modeling and CFD analysis were performed using patient cone-beam computed tomography data. Three different sinus elevation scenarios, each with varying implant heights, were simulated. Airflow simulations were conducted to assess how reshaping the sinus cavity affects aerodynamics and airflow dynamics. Nasal resistance, calculated through pressure drops and flow rates, and wall shear stress, indicating potential mucosal damage, were evaluated. Results: Although some airflow changes occurred post-surgery, the implants primarily affected the front and rear of the elevated area, with little impact being seen on air entry points. Conclusions: Maxillary sinus lifting for dental implant placement may impair sinus drainage, especially at higher elevations, increasing the risk of mucosal damage due to intensified airflows in the reduced sinus volume. A more uniform, simplified intra-sinus structure may enhance fluid dynamics and reduce complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14010060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T21:13:18Z","timestamp":1735247598000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Modelling Intra-Sinus Fluid Movements and Drainage Through Computational Fluid Dynamics Before and After Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Simulation-Based Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1266-7913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130pek Necla","family":"G\u00fcldiken Sar\u0131kaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ist\u0131nye University, \u0130stanbul 34010, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0604-0287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alperen","family":"Tekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, \u0130stanbul 34720, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9356-2606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, \u0130stanbul 34810, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7723-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep G\u00fclen","family":"\u00c7ukurova Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, \u0130stanbul 34810, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9623-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutlu","family":"\u00d6zcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12908","article-title":"Lateral approach for sinus floor elevation: Large versus small bone window\u2014A split-mouth randomized clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Baldini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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