{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T05:36:00Z","timestamp":1792733760826,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Proximal femoral fractures are particularly common in older adults, and cases requiring conversion to total hip arthroplasty may arise because of treatment failure or osteoarthritis. Fractures around the distal screw removal holes can be problematic. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between stem length and femoral stress distribution to determine the optimal stem length. Methods: A finite element analysis simulation was conducted using pre-existing femoral computed tomography data, an intramedullary nail, and three types of stems of varying lengths. Loads simulating normal walking and stair climbing were applied, and the average and maximum equivalent stresses were measured on both the medial and lateral sides of the distal screw removal hole for each stem length. Statistical analysis was then performed to evaluate the stress distributions. Results: The average stress around the distal screw removal hole tended to decrease as stem length increased. The maximum stress was significantly lower with the 160-mm stem, which provides a 40-mm bridging length, compared to the 120-mm and 130-mm stems, where the stem tip aligned with or only slightly extended past the distal screw removal hole (bridging lengths of 0 mm and 10 mm, respectively). Conclusions: In conversion hip total arthroplasty following proximal femoral fractures, using a sufficiently long stem can help avoid stress concentration around the distal screw removal hole, thereby potentially reducing the risk of periprosthetic fractures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14010106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T04:10:23Z","timestamp":1735618223000},"page":"106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Stress Analysis in Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Finite Element Analysis on Stem Length and Distal Screw Hole"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9495-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koshiro","family":"Shimasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6755-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomofumi","family":"Nishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6675-5244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryunosuke","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumi","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Yasunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Mishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, November 23). Hip Fracture: Management, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK553768\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1291","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-22-00273","article-title":"AAOS Clinical Practice Guideline Summary: Management of hip fractures in older adults","volume":"30","author":"Switzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0837-7","article-title":"Tip-apex distance of intramedullary devices as a predictor of cut-out failure in the treatment of peritrochanteric elderly hip fractures","volume":"34","author":"Geller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20151222-11","article-title":"Complications after hip nailing for fractures","volume":"39","author":"Mavrogenis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s12570-012-0133-7","article-title":"Hip arthroplasty after failed nailing of proximal femoral fractures","volume":"3","author":"Mokka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-017-2863-z","article-title":"Predictors of cut-out after cephalomedullary nail fixation of pertrochanteric fractures: A retrospective study of 813 patients","volume":"138","author":"Murena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2012.10.027","article-title":"Salvage hip arthroplasty after failed fixation of proximal femur fractures","volume":"28","author":"DeHaan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200305000-00019","article-title":"Hip arthroplasty for salvage of failed treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures","volume":"85","author":"Haidukewych","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"788","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty following failure of dynamic hip screw fixation of fractures of the proximal femur","volume":"74","author":"Hammad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Belg."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"340","article-title":"Long-stem revision prosthesis for salvage of failed fixation of extracapsular proximal femoral fractures","volume":"75","author":"Sharvill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Belg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2015.05.041","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty using non-modular cementless long-stem distal fixation for salvage of failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric fracture","volume":"30","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318221ea6b","article-title":"Hip arthroplasty after intramedullary hip screw fixation: A perioperative evaluation","volume":"26","author":"Exaltacion","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-022-05529-4","article-title":"Salvage hip replacement after cut-out failure of cephalomedullary nail fixation for proximal femur fractures: A case series describing the technique and results","volume":"46","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2012.04.003","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty after failed internal fixation of proximal femoral fractures","volume":"28","author":"Archibeck","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2005.08.013","article-title":"Short-term outcomes of total hip arthroplasty after complications of open reduction internal fixation for hip fracture","volume":"21","author":"Winemaker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00441837","article-title":"Hip arthroplasty for failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures in the elderly patient","volume":"113","author":"Haentjens","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.12.023","article-title":"How does conversion total hip arthroplasty compare to primary?","volume":"36","author":"Douglas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v14.i10.763","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty following the failure of intertrochanteric nailing: First implant or salvage surgery?","volume":"14","author":"Solarino","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-017-2631-0","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty after failed treatment of proximal femur fracture","volume":"137","author":"Tetsunaga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670710014130","article-title":"Total hip replacement after femoral neck fractures in elderly patients: Results of 8,577 fractures reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register","volume":"78","author":"Gjertsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2011.05.014","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty after prior surgical treatment of hip fracture is it always challenging?","volume":"27","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B4.37201","article-title":"Epidemiology of periprosthetic fracture of the femur in 32 644 primary total hip arthroplasties: A 40-year experience","volume":"98-B","author":"Abdel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4055\/cios23157","article-title":"Age as a risk factor for intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures in cementless hip hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures: A retrospective analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ashkenazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.04.015","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty after failed fixation of a proximal femur fracture: Analysis of 59 cases of intra- and extra-capsular fractures","volume":"104","author":"Morice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1054\/arth.2003.50109","article-title":"Periprosthetic fractures associated with osteolysis: A problem on the rise","volume":"18","author":"Berry","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artd.2023.101243","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty after proximal femoral nailing: Preoperative preparation and intraoperative surgical techniques","volume":"24","author":"Puri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthroplast. Today"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2012.06.023","article-title":"Biomechanical consideration of total hip arthroplasty following failed fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fractures\u2014A finite element analysis","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199606000-00029","article-title":"Periprosthetic fractures of the femur. An analysis of 93 fractures","volume":"327","author":"Beals","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.00457","article-title":"Three hundred and twenty-one periprosthetic femoral fractures","volume":"88","author":"Lindahl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.10.016","article-title":"Periprosthetic Fracture Torque for Short Versus Standard Cemented Hip Stems: An Experimental In Vitro Study","volume":"29","author":"Morishima","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.04.013","article-title":"Biomechanics of Short Hip Endoprostheses\u2014The Risk of Bone Failure Increases with Decreasing Implant Size","volume":"25","author":"Bishop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-008-0676-9","article-title":"Do Short-Stemmed Prostheses Induce Periprosthetic Fractures Earlier than Standard Hip Stems? A Biomechanical Ex-Vivo Study of Two Different Stem Designs","volume":"129","author":"Jakubowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2003.10.010","article-title":"Hip arthroplasty for failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.01.018","article-title":"Cementless total hip arthroplasty following failed internal fixation for femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures: A comparative study with 3-13 years\u2019 follow-up of 96 consecutive patients","volume":"50","author":"Moon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2010.01.103","article-title":"Management of failed trochanteric fracture fixation with cementless modular hip arthroplasty using a distally fixing stem","volume":"26","author":"Thakur","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072050-00021","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty for complications of intertrochanteric fracture. A technical note","volume":"72","author":"Patterson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0834-x","article-title":"Hip arthroplasty for failed treatment of proximal femoral fractures","volume":"34","author":"Perugia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.06.032","article-title":"Hip arthroplasty after surgical treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures","volume":"32","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198707000-00019","article-title":"Femoral cement removal in revision total hip arthroplasty. A biomechanical analysis","volume":"220","author":"Dennis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090314","article-title":"Bypassing femoral cortical defects with cemented intramedullary stems","volume":"9","author":"Larson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199306000-00018","article-title":"Femoral windows in revision total hip arthroplasty","volume":"291","author":"Klein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(93)90146-2","article-title":"Structural and cellular assessment of bone quality of proximal femur","volume":"14","author":"Dorr","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2024, December 23). UNIVERSIA STEM. Available online: https:\/\/formedic.teijin-nakashima.co.jp\/products\/detail\/?id=524."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.04.034","article-title":"Comparison of mechanical stress and change in bone mineral density between two types of femoral implant using finite element analysis","volume":"28","author":"Hirata","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.09.004","article-title":"Potential bone fragility of mid-shaft atypical femoral fracture: Biomechanical analysis by a CT-based nonlinear finite element method","volume":"50","author":"Tano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(97)00123-1","article-title":"Prediction of femoral fracture load using automated finite element modeling","volume":"31","author":"Keyak","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergmann, G., Bender, A., Dymke, J., Duda, G., and Damm, P. (2016). Standardized loads acting in hip implants. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155612"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.05.022","article-title":"Determination of muscle loading at the hip joint for use in pre-clinical testing","volume":"38","author":"Heller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1218-9","article-title":"Frictional and bone ingrowth properties of engineered surface topographies produced by electron beam technology","volume":"131","author":"Biemond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198810000-00015","article-title":"The anatomic basis of femoral component design","volume":"235","author":"Noble","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195638060-00018","article-title":"Hip dislocation in cerebral palsy","volume":"38","author":"Minear","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254060-00001","article-title":"Bone strength. The effect of screw holes","volume":"54","author":"Burstein","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100080610","article-title":"Torsional strength reduction due to cortical defects in bone","volume":"8","author":"Edgerton","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1093-4","article-title":"The effect of 4 mm bicortical drill hole defect on bone strength in a pig femur model","volume":"130","author":"Ho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma. Surg."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-014-0606-z","article-title":"The change in energy absorbed post removal of metalwork in a simulated paediatric long bone fracture","volume":"8","author":"Howieson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Child. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052030-00008","article-title":"The biomechanics of torsional fractures. The stress concentration effect of a drill hole","volume":"52","author":"Brooks","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200311000-00015","article-title":"Treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty with femoral component revision","volume":"85","author":"Springer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2004.11.020","article-title":"Management of types B2 and B3 femoral periprosthetic fractures by a tapered, fluted, and distally fixed stem","volume":"20","author":"Mulay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100030407","article-title":"Effect of femoral stem length on stress raisers associated with revision hip arthroplasty","volume":"3","author":"Panjabi","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.12.018","article-title":"Conversion hip arthroplasty in failed fixation of intertrochanteric fracture: A propensity score matching study","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B4.36922","article-title":"Outcomes of total hip arthroplasty, as a salvage procedure, following failed internal fixation of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181acfc8c","article-title":"Salvage of failed hip fracture fixation","volume":"23","author":"Angelini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, X., Zhan, K., Zhang, L., Zeng, D., Yu, W., Zhang, X., and Zhao, M. (2017). Conversion to total hip arthroplasty after failed proximal femoral nail antirotations or dynamic hip screw fixations for stable intertrochanteric femur fractures: A retrospective study with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1415-6"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"473","article-title":"Technique for preventing cement extrusion from screw holes during conversion of failed hip fracture fixation to total hip replacement","volume":"87","author":"Langdown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309499017717869","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499017717869","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty after failed osteosynthesis of proximal femoral fractures: Revision and mortality of 80 patients","volume":"25","author":"Galler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-007-0483-8","article-title":"Hemi-arthroplasty with supplemental fixation of greater trochanter to treat failed hip screws of femoral intertrochanteric fracture","volume":"128","author":"Hsu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma. Surg."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"729","article-title":"Cementless modular hip arthroplasty as a salvage operation for failed internal fixation of trochanteric fractures in elderly patients","volume":"73","author":"Laffosse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Belg."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13574","article-title":"Conversion hip arthroplasty using standard and long stems after failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop. Surg."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/1\/106\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:55:04Z","timestamp":1760115304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/1\/106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14010106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14010106","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]}}}