{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T03:20:38Z","timestamp":1785554438837,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/objectives: This retrospective longitudinal outcome study comparing orthodontic extraction modalities, including extraction of maxillary first or second molars, aimed to compare the three-dimensional tooth movement of maxillary canines (C), premolars (P1, P2), and molars (M1, M2) in Class II division 1 malocclusion treatment with fixed appliances. Methods: A sample of 98 patients (mean age 13.20 \u00b1 1.46 years) was selected for the M1 group, and 64 patients (mean age 13.20 \u00b1 1.36 years) were chosen for the M2 group. Tooth movement was analyzed three-dimensionally on pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) digital dental casts. Regression analyses compared the tooth movements (in mm) between the M1 and M2 groups. Results: The mean treatment duration for the M1 group was 2.51 \u00b1 0.55 year, while, for the M2 group, it was 1.53 \u00b1 0.37 year. The data showed limited distal movements of the C, P1, and P2 of approximately 2 mm in the M1 group and 1 mm in the M2 group during orthodontic treatment, but the M1 group exhibited significantly more distal movements than the M2 group (mean difference 1.11 to 1.24 mm). Vertical movements of the C, P1, and P2 in both groups were also minor (0.16 to 1.26 mm). The differences between groups did not exceed 0.2 mm and were not significant. Both treatment modalities resulted in a significant degree of anchorage loss with a distinct mesialization (8.40 \u00b1 1.66 mm) of M2 in the M1 group and limited distalization (0.83 \u00b1 0.98 mm) of M1 in the M2 group. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of thorough case evaluation when choosing between extraction modalities in Class II treatment. If a large distal movement of canines and premolars is required, additional anchorage mechanics should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14010225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T05:02:02Z","timestamp":1735880522000},"page":"225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Second Versus First Molar Extractions in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Treatment: A Retrospective Longitudinal Outcome Study into Maxillary Canine, Premolar, and Molar Movement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Akkelien H. A.","family":"Oostenbrink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0953-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewald M.","family":"Bronkhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Radboud Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leijdenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9147-4003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan W.","family":"Booij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice in Gorinchem, 4207 AC Gorinchem, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-6770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjan J. A.","family":"Dieters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2374-1771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Kuijpers-Jagtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Campus Salemba, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Bruggink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leijdenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Proffit, W.R., Fields, H.W., and Larson, B. (2018). Contemporary Orthodontics, Elsevier. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.01.030","article-title":"Early Orthodontic Treatment for Class II Malocclusion Reduces the Chance of Incisal Trauma: Results of a Cochrane Systematic Review","volume":"148","author":"Thiruvenkatachari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. 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