{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:34:36Z","timestamp":1759970076721,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2022R1A2C2005916","2021R1G1A109434111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C2005916","2021R1G1A109434111"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Legg\u2013Calv\u00e9\u2013Perthes disease (LCPD) is characterized by idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children. There are several hypotheses regarding the cause of LCPD; however, the exact cause remains unclear. Studies on comorbidities can provide better insight into the disease. We aimed to perform a network analysis to identify the associations between LCPD and comorbidities. Methods: We analyzed patients aged \u2264 12 years with LCPD as defined by ICD-10 codes M91.1, M91.8, and M91.9 registered in the National Health Insurance Service cohort database from 2002 to 2015. A control group was designed using propensity score matching. Comorbidities were identified and network analysis was performed. The identified comorbidities were reclassified into clinical disease groups considering their clinical relevance, and a network map was created using odds ratios. Results: In total, 23 significant disease clusters were identified. Injury-related disease clusters with ICD-10 codes starting with \u201cS\u201d were the most frequent. They were reclassified into 11 disease groups based on clinical relevance. Among these, congenital deformities of hip (Q65) had the highest odds ratio. Congenital deformities of feet (Q66) and other anemia (D64) had a single association with LCPD in the comorbidity network analysis. Conclusions: We confirmed the association between LCPD and comorbidities using a network analysis. The LCPD comorbidity network identified in this study is expected to serve as the basis for future research on LCPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14010259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T06:43:04Z","timestamp":1736145784000},"page":"259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Network Analysis of Legg\u2013Calve\u2013Perthes Disease and Its Comorbidities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"KyeongMi","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Goyang 10414, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6164-8674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Rae","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4240-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyoung","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3760-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaiwoo","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soonchul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.2.285","article-title":"A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives","volume":"31","author":"Kuh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. 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