{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T08:10:50Z","timestamp":1791447050721,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Frailty and severe aortic stenosis (AoS) are critical conditions in older adults, both of which share pathophysiological mechanisms including chronic inflammation and calcium metabolism dysregulation, potentially influencing the development and progression of these conditions. This study aimed to analyze systemic inflammation and calcium homeostasis biomarkers and their associations with frailty in older adults with severe AoS. Methods: This prospective study included 191 patients aged \u226575 years with severe AoS who were candidates for aortic valve replacement and were evaluated at a Geriatrics Frailty Assessment and Intervention Clinic. Frailty was defined as a score \u22646 on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Biomarkers analyzed included aortic valve calcium score, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcidiol (vitamin D), calcium, phosphate, creatinine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of frailty. Results: Of the 191 patients studied, 53.9% were women, with a mean age of 84.1 \u00b1 4.1 years. Frailty was identified in 28.3% of patients (mean SPPB score 7.6 \u00b1 2.5). Statistically significant differences between frail and non-frail patients were observed for PTH (87.7 \u00b1 61.1 pg\/mL vs. 70 \u00b1 44.4 pg\/mL, p = 0.028) and IL-6 (10.4 \u00b1 11.2 pg\/mL vs. 7 \u00b1 8.2 pg\/mL, p = 0.049). Notably, in the multivariate model, IL-6 emerged as a significant independent predictor of frailty (OR 1.037; CI 1.001\u20131.074, p = 0.043). Conclusions: IL-6 was identified as a biomarker significantly associated with frailty in older adults with severe AoS. Evaluating IL-6 could enhance the precision of frailty assessments, complement functional measures, and support clinical decision-making in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T04:54:08Z","timestamp":1736312048000},"page":"334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Frailty in Older Adults with Severe Aortic Stenosis: The Role of Systemic Inflammation and Calcium Homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0412-6578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Solla-Suarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Geriatrics Clinical Management Area, Monte Naranco Hospital\u2014Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Encuentra-Sopena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Geriatrics Clinical Management Area, Monte Naranco Hospital\u2014Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0015-6243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Almend\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Cardiac Area, Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2837-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rut","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Cardiac Area, Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Martin-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Geriatrics Clinical Management Area, Monte Naranco Hospital\u2014Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-6108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Avanzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Cardiac Area, Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, UOV, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3687-1591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"L\u00f3pez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Geriatrics Clinical Management Area, Monte Naranco Hospital\u2014Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6609-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Coto-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, UOV, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias, INEUROPA, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Geriatrics Clinical Management Area, Monte Naranco Hospital\u2014Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of Asturias, ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.015","article-title":"Aortic stenosis in the elderly: Disease prevalence and number of candidates for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A meta-analysis and modeling study","volume":"62","author":"Osnabrugge","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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