{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:18:28Z","timestamp":1790111908433,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Body posture is developmentally variable and individually diversified. As a chain of numerous unconditioned and conditioned reflexes, it is, in its essence, a psychomotor habit. The aim of the study was to create an original typology of body posture based on measurements using the Diers Formetric III 4D system. Methods: The research included 303 children aged 10\u201312. Results: Taking the ranges of standards for the angle of thoracic kyphosis (42\u201355\u00b0) and lumbar lordosis (33\u201347\u00b0) into account, it was shown that there are nine types of body posture. These are as follows: reduced kyphosis, reduced lordosis (K &lt; 42\u00b0; L &lt; 33\u00b0); reduced kyphosis, normal lordosis (K &lt; 42\u00b0; 33\u00b0 \u2264 L \u2264 47\u00b0); reduced kyphosis, increased lordosis (K &lt; 42\u00b0; L &gt; 47\u00b0); normal kyphosis, reduced lordosis (42\u00b0 \u2264 K \u2264 55\u00b0; L &lt; 33\u00b0); normal kyphosis, normal lordosis (42\u00b0 \u2264 K \u2264 55; 33\u00b0 \u2264 L \u2264 47\u00b0); normal kyphosis, increased lordosis (42\u00b0 \u2264 K \u2264 55\u00b0; L &gt; 47\u00b0); increased kyphosis, reduced lordosis (K &gt; 55\u00b0, L &lt; 33\u00b0); increased kyphosis, normal lordosis (K &gt; 55\u00b0; 33\u00b0 \u2264 L \u2264 47\u00b0); and increased kyphosis, increased lordosis (K &gt; 55\u00b0; L &gt; 47\u00b0). Conclusions: In the final evaluation of the Diers Formetric III 4D examination, the traditional division into round, concave, round-concave, and flat backs should be supplemented and expanded to include the nine posture types mentioned above. This will enable a more precise selection of corrective exercises, which will significantly improve their quality and effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T11:28:31Z","timestamp":1736854111000},"page":"501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Own Typology of Body Posture Based on Research Using the Diers Formetric III 4D System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2564-8623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Wilczy\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Posturology, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Al. IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19, 25-317 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilczy\u0144ski, J. (2021). Electromyographic activity of the erector spinae and convexity as well as concavity of spinal curvature in children. Children, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/children8121168"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Assessment of body posture of school youth from urban environment","volume":"2","author":"Lisis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Rev. Univ. Rzesz."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Nowotny, J., Podlasiak, P., and Zawieska, D. (2003). 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