{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:02:37Z","timestamp":1791252157247,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Naegleria fowleri is the main etiologic agent implicated in primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). It is also known as the brain-eating amoeba because of the severe brain inflammation following infection, with a survival rate of about 5%. This review aims to identify Naegleria fowleri infections and evaluate patients\u2019 progression. This literature review emphasizes the importance of rapid diagnosis and treatment of infected patients because only prompt initiation of appropriate therapy can lead to medical success. Compared to other articles of this kind, this one analyzes a large number of reported cases and all the factors that affected patients\u2019 evolution. Materials and methods: Two independent reviewers used \u201cNaegleria fowleri\u201d and \u201ccase report\u201d as keywords in the Clarivate Analytics\u2014Web of Science literature review, obtaining 163 results. The first evaluation step was article title analysis. The two reviewers determined if the title was relevant to the topic. The first stage removed 34 articles, leaving 129 for the second stage. Full-text articles were evaluated after reading the abstract, and 77 were eliminated. This literature review concluded with 52 articles. Key findings: This review included 52 case report articles, 17 from the USA, eight from India, seven from China, four from Pakistan, two from the UK, and one each from Thailand, Korea, Japan, Italy, Iran, Norway, Turkey, Costa Rica, Zambia, Australia, Taiwan, and Venezuela, and Mexico. This study included 98 patients, with 17 women (17.4%) and 81 men (82.6%). The cases presented in this study show that waiting to start treatment until a diagnosis is confirmed can lead to rapid worsening and bad outcomes, especially since there is currently no drug that works very well as a treatment and the death rate is around 98%. Limitations: The lack of case presentation standardization may lead to incomplete case information in the review since the cases did not follow a writing protocol. The small number of global cases may also lead to misleading generalizations, especially about these patients\u2019 treatment. Due to the small number of cases, there is no uniform sample of patients, making it difficult to determine the exact cause of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T09:01:02Z","timestamp":1736931662000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Naegleria fowleri Infections: Bridging Clinical Observations and Epidemiological Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"R\u00eep\u0103","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, Universitatii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, Universitatii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana Gabriela","family":"Cobzaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, Universitatii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, Universitatii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miruna Raluca","family":"R\u00eep\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, Universit\u0103tii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0008-9696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ma\u0219taleru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1356-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andra","family":"Oancea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2564-537X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen Marinela","family":"Cump\u0103t","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties III, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Magdalena","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Primary amebic meningoencephalitis: A new emerging public health threat by Naegleria fowleri in Pakistan","volume":"1","author":"Matin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res. Drug Des."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"408","article-title":"Genetic Detection of Amoebic Meningoencephalitis Causing by Naegleria Fowleri in Iraq: A Case Report","volume":"18","author":"Baqer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran J. 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