{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:53Z","timestamp":1787028653719,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The volume of cardiac valve and coronary artery revascularization procedures is rising in the United States. This cross-sectional study explores ethnic disparities in mortality in cardiac surgery attributed to mechanical failures of implantable heart valves and coronary artery grafts. Methods: We used the CDC Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research Multiple Causes of Death database to identify patients whose single cause of death was categorized by complications of cardiovascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts (ICD-10 code T82) between 1999 and 2020. The Joinpoint software (version 5.2.0, National Cancer Institute) was used to construct log-linear regression models to estimate the average annual percent changes in age-adjusted mortality (per 100,000). These patterns were compared and stratified by sex, age (0\u201344, 44\u201364, and 65 years or older), and US census regions between White, Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic, American Indian, Alaskan Native, Asian American, and Pacific Islanders. Results: Age-adjusted mortality due to mechanical failures of cardiac implants and grafts declined across ethnicities from 2.21 (95% CI 2.16\u20132.27) in 1999 to 0.88 (95% CI 0.85\u20130.91) in 2020. Black populations (1.31 [95% CI 1.20\u20131.42]), both men (1.56 [95% CI 1.37\u20131.74]) and women (1.02 [95% CI 0.90\u20131.15]) experienced higher mortality in 2020 compared to all other ethnicities. This disparity was pronounced in younger groups (age 0\u201364), wherein age-adjusted mortality among Black populations (0.18 [95% CI 0.13\u20130.25]) more than doubled that of White populations (0.08 [95% CI 0.06\u20130.10]). Conclusions: Over the last two decades, age-adjusted mortality due to mechanical complications of cardiovascular implants has declined significantly. However, Black men and women, particularly younger patients, continue to experience higher death rates compared to other ethnicities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T12:27:54Z","timestamp":1737030474000},"page":"562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["National Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mortality from Mechanical Complications of Cardiac Valves and Grafts (1999\u20132020)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4556-1931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye In Christopher","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0173-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David T.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4984-999X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5572-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Min-Gi","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josue","family":"Chery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zubair A.","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2022.12.033","article-title":"The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database: 2022 Update on Outcomes and Research","volume":"115","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. 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