{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:26:29Z","timestamp":1787635589333,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease significantly impacting women, with disease severity often modulated by hormonal fluctuations. This review examines the influence of hormonal changes on the course of psoriasis in women, focusing on key life stages\u2014including the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause\u2014and their impact on disease progression and symptomatology. Estrogen, the principal female sex hormone, plays a critical role in immune modulation. Variations in estrogen levels, which occur naturally throughout a woman\u2019s life, are associated with fluctuations in psoriasis severity. Low estrogen levels, as seen during menstruation or menopause, are linked to symptom exacerbation, while elevated levels during pregnancy may reduce symptoms in some women. However, responses are variable, with others experiencing no change or worsening during pregnancy. Postpartum, the rapid decline in estrogen often triggers severe flare-ups, while menopause, marked by a sustained estrogen reduction, frequently correlates with increased disease severity and flare frequency. The review also addresses the profound impact of psoriasis on women\u2019s quality of life, including physical discomfort, psychological distress, and social stigma. Additionally, fertility concerns are discussed, as severe psoriasis and associated treatments may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Consideration is given to hormonal therapies, lifestyle modifications, and their effects on psoriasis, underscoring the need for personalized treatment approaches that account for hormonal influences. Understanding these hormonal dynamics is essential for developing targeted, effective management strategies that enhance quality of life for women affected by psoriasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T11:24:56Z","timestamp":1737113096000},"page":"582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["How Hormonal Balance Changes Lives in Women with Psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5014-1122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fortunato","family":"Cassalia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lunardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Frattin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Danese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3583-0816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Caroppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5791-0775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Belloni","family":"Fortina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Dermatology Regional Center, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health (SDB), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.339","article-title":"Identification and Management of Psoriasis and Associated ComorbidiTy (IMPACT) project team. 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