{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:23:25Z","timestamp":1791404605993,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (P-PTSD) symptoms develop after experiencing childbirth as traumatic. Several individual and environmental factors influence the childbirth experience. However, in Italy, this phenomenon remains unexplored due to the lack of screening tools. This project aims to validate the Italian version of the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ-II) and to identify maternal, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum risk and protective factors associated with P-PTSD. Methods: A total of 702 women (6\u201324 months postpartum) participated in an online cross-sectional study. They completed the PPQ-II, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10), and a questionnaire to assess sociodemographic and perinatal factors. Factor structure was estimated with an exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency of the scale, convergent and divergent analyses were computed. Associations between perinatal factors and P-PTSD were also investigated. Results: The EFA revealed a two-factor structure: \u201cArousal and Mood alteration\u201d and \u201cAvoidance and Intrusion\u201d. CFA supported the factor structure, showing a good fit of the data. The validity was confirmed by a significant association between the PPQ-II and the DASS-21 and a lower correlation with the BFI-10. Significant associations were found between P-PTSD symptoms and factors across the maternal, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods. Conclusions: The Italian PPQ-II is a valid screening tool to include in maternity care protocols for the early identification of P-PTSD. This study also contributes to identifying perinatal factors for symptom detection and the promotion of maternal well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T07:55:32Z","timestamp":1737532532000},"page":"704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Validation of the Perinatal Post-Traumatic Questionnaire in the Italian Population: Risk and Protective Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Odette","family":"Nardozza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, G. D\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0615-267X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilenia","family":"Passaquindici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melba Emilia","family":"Persico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, G. D\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antea","family":"D\u2019Andrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9967-1899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Suttora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9822-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirco","family":"Fasolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, G. D\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2685-5472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, G. D\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Stern, D.N., and Bruschweiler-Stern, N. (1998). The Birth of a Mother: How the Motherhood Experience Changes You Forever, Basic Books."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002706","article-title":"The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: A meta-analysis and theoretical framework","volume":"46","author":"Ayers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200401000-00005","article-title":"Birth trauma: In the eye of the beholder","volume":"53","author":"Beck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nurs. 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