{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:09:28Z","timestamp":1791634168545,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction\/Objective: the concept of clinical control of COPD is a measure proposed in the Spanish COPD Guidelines (GesEPOC), which aims to help clinicians assess the clinical status in order to adapt the treatment plan at follow-up. However, studies that have evaluated clinical practice reveal that the degree of control of COPD is not always assessed, which underlines the need to promote its assessment through a scoring system. To develop a scoring system that quantitatively assesses the validated criteria defining the degree of COPD control. Methods: this study used data from the EPOCONSUL audit in respiratory clinics across Spain. We included in this analysis all patients with a COPD clinical control grade estimated and reported by the physician at the visit, who had registered the criteria necessary to define the degree of clinical control validated and established in GesEPOC. Patients were randomly assigned to either the development or validation cohorts. The development cohort included 485 patients and the validation cohort included 341 patients. Score modelling was conducted using a multivariate logistic regression model, and calibration of the model and score was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and GiViTi Calibration belts. The model and generated score\u2019s discrimination capacity were analyzed by calculating the Area Under the Curve (AUC). Results: the scoring system was developed using four criteria as predictors of poor clinical control of COPD reported by the treating physician:adjusted dyspnoea severity, use of rescue inhaler more than three times per week, walking less than 30 min per day, and COPD exacerbations in the last three months. The scoring system attributed scores from 0 to 8. Calibration was satisfactory in both development and validation cohorts, and the score\u2019s discrimination power, as indicated by the AUC, was 0.892. Conclusions: this scoring system provides an easy-to-use quantitative assessment of clinical control of COPD that we believe will help to measure COPD control and its evolution during patient follow-up. Future research will be needed to prospectively evaluate this score as a predictor of outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T07:55:32Z","timestamp":1737532532000},"page":"707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development and Validation of a Quantitative Score for the Criteria Clinical Control in Stable COPD Proposed in the Spanish COPD Guidelines (GesEPOC): Results of the EPOCONSUL Audit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Myriam","family":"Calle Rubio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1134-0783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9 Soler","family":"Catalu\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Lliria, 46160 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9850-9520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Miravitlles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardino Alc\u00e1zar","family":"Navarrete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"IBS-Granada, Medicine Department, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"L\u00f3pez-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Medical-Surgical Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5177-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel E. Fuentes","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0552-2484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Hermosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2021.03.005","article-title":"Spanish COPD guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021: Updated pharmacological treatment of stable COPD","volume":"58","author":"Miravitlles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. 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