{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:12:30Z","timestamp":1788282750685,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) induces a hypercoagulable state characterized by systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and alterations in the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. This review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypercoagulability in TB, including increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release, endothelial damage, platelet activation, and reduced anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity. These factors contribute to an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), which complicate TB prognosis and treatment. The potential role of adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapies, such as vitamin D, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and anti-platelet agents, is highlighted as a strategy to mitigate systemic inflammation and reduce thrombotic risks in patients with TB. The challenges of anticoagulation therapy, particularly in managing the interactions between anti-TB medications and traditional anticoagulants, are discussed, along with the potential of novel oral anticoagulants (NOAs) as alternatives. We also address therapy of hypercoagulability in TB within resource-limited settings which requires low-cost diagnostics, accessible anticoagulation options, adjunctive therapies, and preventive strategies integrated into existing healthcare systems. Effective risk stratification and individualized management strategies are vital for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with thrombotic complications in TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T08:48:23Z","timestamp":1737708503000},"page":"762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Hypercoagulability in Tuberculosis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Associated Risks, and Advances in Management\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Denisa Maria","family":"Mitroi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8409-5904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara Amalia","family":"Balteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6335-1627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramona","family":"Cioboata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3856-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silviu Gabriel","family":"Vlasceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3510-3838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovidiu Mircea","family":"Zlatian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9976-2256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana Maria","family":"Catana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4039-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adina Andreea","family":"Mirea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral-Dental Prevention, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Florin Razvan","family":"Mogos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ionela","family":"Rotaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9451-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viorel","family":"Biciusca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Bank (2022). 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