{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:22:36Z","timestamp":1779297756576,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a periodized resistance training program would influence self-reported depression and anxiety scores in college-aged females. Methods: Eight participants participated in a six-week periodized resistance training program. The participants completed a 3\u20135 repetition maximum (3\u20135 RM) for the sumo deadlift (SDL), bench press (BP), barbell back squat (BBS), and standing shoulder press (SSP). These data were used to estimate the 1 repetition maximum (1RM), which in turn was used to develop the periodization program. Following baseline testing, participants participated in two full-body workouts per week for six weeks. Each individual was retested after they completed the 6-week program, performing 3\u20135 RM for the SDL, BP, BBS, and SSP. To determine symptoms of depression and anxiety, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were distributed before and after participating in the resistance training program. A repeated measures 2 \u00d7 2 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effect of resistance training had on the outcome measures. Results: There was a significant (p = 0.011) decrease in BDI scores after the 6 weeks of resistance training. There was no statistically significant difference in the BAI scores (p = 0.106). There was no correlation between any individual exercise and the outcome scores. Conclusions: The results of the current study indicate that a periodized resistance training program is effective at reducing self-reported measures of depression using the BDI in college-aged females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T08:57:48Z","timestamp":1738054668000},"page":"853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Linear Periodized Resistance Training Program Is Effective at Reducing Depressive Symptoms but Not Anxiety in Females: A Pilot"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4355-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Bryant University, Smithfield, RI 02917, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"McPherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Team, Early Medical, Austin, TX 78746, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletics Department, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5514-0516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Cacolice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Westfield State University, Westfield, MA 01086, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022). 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