{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:28:27Z","timestamp":1792708107096,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2018R1A5A2023879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A5A2023879"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00406152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00406152"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: As non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) is known to have advantages in application in the medical field, we consider its applicability to periodontitis, a representative chronic inflammatory disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NTP in inhibiting the progression of periodontitis in a rat model when additionally used in scaling and root planing (SRP). Methods: To induce experimental periodontitis in 20 rats, ligatures were placed in the maxillary second molar and lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis was injected around the teeth. Then, NTP treatment was performed for 2 or 5 min, together with scaling and root planing (SRP). To evaluate alveolar bone loss, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis and hematoxylin\u2013eosin (H-E) staining were performed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) analysis was performed to compare the number of osteoclasts, while immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-\u03baB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis was performed for the detection of cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-10) in tissues and sera. Results: When SRP was combined with NTP, alveolar bone loss was decreased, the number of osteoclasts and RANKL expression were decreased, OPG expression was increased, and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2) levels were significantly decreased. Compared with the NTP treatment for 2 min, when treated for 5 min, less alveolar bone loss, fewer osteoclasts, a lower RANKL expression level, and a higher OPG expression level were observed. Conclusions: This study evaluated the adjunctive treatment effect of NTP in periodontitis-induced rats. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that supplemental NTP treatment may be a good option for non-surgical periodontal treatment; however, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism through which NTP suppresses periodontal inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T10:36:28Z","timestamp":1738146988000},"page":"896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adjunctive Treatment Effect of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Periodontitis-Induced Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hee-Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7553-6289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Youn","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4050-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Young","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2337","article-title":"Periodontitis: A polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Darveau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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