{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:30:45Z","timestamp":1764937845802,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Management of the acute phase of ischemic stroke requires intensive interdisciplinary collaboration among medical personnel. Dysphagia, or swallowing disorders, represents a serious complication of stroke. Accurate diagnosis and identification of the causes of dysphagia are essential for implementing effective treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of age, acute stroke treatment, localization, comorbidities, and early rehabilitation on the severity and progression of dysphagia in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: The study analyzed the severity and progression of dysphagia in patients with ischemic stroke, considering patient age, stroke localization, comorbidities, and the impact of thrombolytic therapy and early rehabilitation on swallowing outcomes. Results: Severe dysphagia was more common among older patients and those with cardiovascular conditions. Early rehabilitation was particularly effective in improving swallowing in right hemisphere strokes, while thrombolytic therapy demonstrated benefits for patients under 65 years. Conclusions: Therapy led to an improvement in the condition of all patients with dysphagia following ischemic stroke. Further prospective research is needed to better understand swallowing disorders and optimize treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T10:36:28Z","timestamp":1738146988000},"page":"900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Swallowing Disorders in Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Analysis of Dysphagia Severity Differences Based on Hemisphere Damage and Patient Age"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1548-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"\u017bdanowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Applied Sciences, 64-920 Pi\u0142a, Poland"},{"name":"Neurological Department with Stroke Treatment Subdivision, Specialist Hospital, 64-920 Pi\u0142a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Sobkowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Department with Stroke Treatment Subdivision, Specialist Hospital, 64-920 Pi\u0142a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9945-9580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Gawrysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Applied Sciences, 64-920 Pi\u0142a, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Economics, University of Applied Sciences, 64-920 Pi\u0142a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Wiszniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Department with Stroke Treatment Subdivision, Specialist Hospital, 64-920 Pi\u0142a, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Services, University of Applied Sciences, 64-920 Pi\u0142a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5603\/PPN.2019.0001","article-title":"Wytyczne post\u0119powania w udarze m\u00f3zgu","volume":"15","author":"Czernuszenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pol. Przegl\u0105d Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Luchowski, P., and Rajdak, K. (2020). Metody Leczenia Udaru M\u00f3zgu, Termedia Publishing House."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, H. (2020). Udar M\u00f3zgu\u2014Kompendium Dla Praktyka, PZWL Medical Publishing."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2019.11.1","article-title":"Hypertension and Stroke: Update on Treatment","volume":"14","author":"Wajngarten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"28","article-title":"Zaburzenia po\u0142ykania w chorobach uk\u0142adu nerwowego\u2014Diagnostyka i leczenie","volume":"14","author":"Budrewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pol. Przegl\u0105d Neurol. Via Medica"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"187","article-title":"Dysfagia po udarze: Przegl\u0105d","volume":"1","author":"Ottenstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"2756","article-title":"Dysfagia po udarze: Cz\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wyst\u0119powania, diagnoza i powik\u0142ania p\u0142ucne","volume":"36","author":"Martino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Udar. J. M\u00f3zg. Circ."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"279","article-title":"Konsystencja i tekstura p\u0142yn\u00f3w i pokarm\u00f3w jako wa\u017cny aspekt profilaktyki zach\u0142ystowego zapalenia p\u0142uc u pacjent\u00f3w z dysfagi\u0105","volume":"8","author":"Chmielewska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stud. Pragmalingwistyczne"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2011000600012","article-title":"Swallowing disorder after ischemic stroke","volume":"69","author":"Remesso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arq. Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"40","article-title":"Badanie wybranych nerw\u00f3w czaszkowych\u2014Uj\u0119cie neurologopedyczne","volume":"2","author":"Czarniak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurolingwistyka Prakt."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.15557\/AN.2017.0023","article-title":"Dysfagia po udarach m\u00f3zgu\u2014Wskaz\u00f3wki diagnostyczne i terapeutyczne","volume":"17","author":"Lewicka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aktual. Neurol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0015.6420","article-title":"Przesiewowa diagnostyka dysfagii ustno-gard\u0142owej niedo\u017cywienia u pacjent\u00f3w z nowotworami g\u0142owy\u2014Przegl\u0105d dost\u0119pnych narz\u0119dzi","volume":"10","author":"Przekop","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pol. Otorhino Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"188","article-title":"Prospective Investigation of Incidence and Co-Occurrence of Dysphagia, Dysarthria, and Aphasia Following Ischemic Stroke","volume":"28","author":"Stipancic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. Speech-Lang.-Hear. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"10","article-title":"Testy przesiewowe w diagnostyce zaburze\u0144 po\u0142ykania","volume":"6","author":"Pabian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Index Copernic."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.483933","article-title":"Dysphagia bedside screening for acute-stroke patients: The Gugging Swallowing Screen","volume":"38","author":"Trapl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"7","article-title":"Badania przesiewowe w kierunku dysfagii i aspiracji w ostrym udarze m\u00f3zgu: Przegl\u0105d systematyczny","volume":"16","author":"Perry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dysfagia"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"106","article-title":"Leczenie \u017cywieniowe w neurologii\u2014Stanowisko interdyscyplinarnej grupy ekspert\u00f3w","volume":"13","author":"Czernuszenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Via Medica"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0299068","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299068","article-title":"The effect of behavioral therapy on dysphagia of acute ischemic stroke patients feeding with a nasogastric tube","volume":"19","author":"Hien","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"78","article-title":"Prevalence of Dysphagia in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Which Patients Are at Risk?","volume":"29","author":"Mohebi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Razi J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200003000-00010","article-title":"Dysfagia u pacjent\u00f3w z udarem pnia m\u00f3zgu: Cz\u0119sto\u015b\u0107 wyst\u0119powania i wynik","volume":"79","author":"Meng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"434","article-title":"Systematyczny przegl\u0105d cz\u0119sto\u015bci wyst\u0119powania dysfagii ustno-gard\u0142owej w udarze m\u00f3zgu, chorobie Parkinsona, chorobie Alzheimera, urazach g\u0142owy i zapaleniu p\u0142uc","volume":"31","author":"Takizawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysfagia"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"49","article-title":"Oral dietary intake level in thrombolysed and non-thrombolysed patients after ischemic stroke","volume":"40","author":"Avelino","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/3\/900\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:38:25Z","timestamp":1759919905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/3\/900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14030900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14030900","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]}}}