{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T19:02:15Z","timestamp":1785438135584,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Science Centre, Poland","award":["2021\/05\/X\/NZ5\/01511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/05\/X\/NZ5\/01511"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chest X-rays are among the most frequently used imaging tests in medical practice. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of the cardio\u2013thoracic ratio (CTR) and transverse cardiac diameter (TCD) and compare them with novel chest X-ray parameters used in screening for cardiac enlargement. Methods: CTR, TCD, and five other non-standard new radiographic indexes, including basic spherical index (BSI), assessing changes in cardiac silhouette in chest radiographs in posterior\u2013anterior projection were related to increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) assessed in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Results: TCD, CTR, and BSI were the best predictors of both LVH and increased LVEDV diagnosed in CMR. The best sensitivity, along with good specificity in LVH prediction, defined as left ventricular mass\/body surface area (BSA) &gt; 72 g\/m2 in men or &gt;55 g\/m2 in women, was observed when TCD and BSI parameters were used jointly (69.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.4\u201383.0% and 80.0%, 95% CI: 51.9\u201395.7%, respectively). In the prediction of cardiac enlargement defined as LVEDV\/BSA &gt; 117 mL\/m2 in men or &gt;101 mL\/m2 in women, BSI &gt; 137.5 had the best sensitivity and specificity (85.0%, 95% CI: 62.1\u201396.8% and 82.4%, 95% CI: 65.5\u201393.2%, respectively). Conclusions: TCD may be valuable in the assessment of patients suspected of having cardiac enlargement. CTR and BSI serve as complementary tools for a more precise approach. TCD appears particularly useful for the prediction of LVH, while BSI demonstrates greater utility as an indicator of increased LVEDV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T05:13:43Z","timestamp":1738646023000},"page":"942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Novel Indexes in the Assessment of Cardiac Enlargement Using Chest Radiography: A New Look at an Old Problem"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1219-6552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja S.","family":"Matusik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Chair of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6697-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadeusz J.","family":"Popiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Chair of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5788-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142 T.","family":"Matusik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology, St. John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/2156-7514.96540","article-title":"Routine Chest X-ray: Still Valuable for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Size and Function in the Era of Super Machines?","volume":"2","author":"Morales","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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