{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:50:21Z","timestamp":1760057421741,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a malignant tumor originating from melanocytes. Despite improvements in prevention, Central and Eastern European countries continue to report higher rates of advanced-stage melanoma and lower survival rates. This study aims to characterize CM and the associated risk factors in Northwestern Romania. Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in Cluj and Bihor counties. Between January 2023 and May 2024, 172 patients with histopathologically confirmed melanoma completed a standardized questionnaire addressing demographics, sun exposure history, nevi count, and melanoma-specific characteristics. Results: The median age at diagnosis of participants was 44 years. The median Breslow index (BI) was 1.5 mm, and 39% of cases presented with a BI &gt; 2 mm. Superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) was the most common subtype, predominantly affecting women, while nodular melanoma (NM) was more frequent in men. Higher BI was associated with NM and acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM). Limbs were women\u2019s most frequent tumor site, whereas the trunk was predominant in men. Significant associations were observed between younger age at diagnosis and factors such as high nevus count, indoor activity, and smoking status. Rural residents reported a higher history of sunburns compared to urban residents. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of targeted public health interventions to promote early detection and primary prevention of melanoma. Establishing a national melanoma registry is crucial to improving epidemiological surveillance and reducing the burden of melanoma in Romania.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T05:55:22Z","timestamp":1738648522000},"page":"946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Melanoma in Northwestern Romania: An Analysis of Epidemiological and Histopathological Characteristics and Associated Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Adina Patricia","family":"Apostu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8535-9677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loredana","family":"Ungureanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Emergency County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3831-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andra","family":"Piciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, \u201dIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4549-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0218tefan Cristian","family":"Vesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4990-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salomea Ruth","family":"Halmagyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioana Irina","family":"Trufin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4900-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Fra\u021bil\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 410167 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9373-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Iancu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Clinic of Dermatology, County Emergency Hospital Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona Corina","family":"\u0218enil\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Emergency County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19484","article-title":"Analysing the causal relationship between potentially protective and risk factors and cutaneous melanoma: A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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